Marshall McLuhan’s Theory Essay

In what manner may Marshall McLuhan’s hypothesis of hot and cold media be utilized to clarify the flood of enthusiasm for versatile innovation, particularly content and picture informing? ‘Any development or innovation is an expansion or self-removal of our physical bodies, and such augmentation likewise requests new proportions or new balances among different organs and augmentations of the body’, Marshall McLuhan in ‘Understanding Media’ (1964, p43). A remark which has potentially never been more genuine than when comprehended as to a cell phone. McLuhan’s hypotheses have as of late been given new existence with the beginning of the Internet; be that as it may, they can likewise be conveniently applied to the enormous blast of versatile innovation. Given it is a medium which some may consider to be cool; its effect on society has been unfathomable. In today’s society it is hard to meet an individual between the ages of fifteen and fifty who don't possess a cell phone. Like TVs, it is the electronic embellishment existing apart from everything else and it is propelling quick. Just five years prior content informing was in its earliest stages and not all telephones offered it; picture informing was unbelievable. These days picture informing is particularly here and right now the innovation has moved towards video informing. Some ‘mobile phones’ would be all the more precisely depicted as hand held PCs as the communication is just a small amount of its abilities and frequently not even its fundamental capacity. Similarly as with most cell phones the primary capacity consumer’s use is content informing. As indicated by McLuhan in ‘Understanding Media’ (1964) the approach of a hot hazardous medium can make radical changes legislative issues and society. This can be found in the impacts that such innovation has had on the phone as well as the manner in which individuals impart in everyday life. In any case, when stood out from a hot medium, for example, TV or film, content and picture informing are similarly cool. They give far less data and request more cooperation from the recipient to fill in the holes. Pictures got in messages are just little and extremely emblematic as opposed to itemized. There is additionally just restricted space for content and language is frequently constrained to contractions and comment. Obviously when contrasted with the standard phone, portable innovation is significantly more sizzling, be that as it may, so as to remain inside McLuhan’s hypothesis, and for the medium to cause such an adjustment in the public arena, one would accept t hat the medium itself would should be more smoking. Such a change could be better clarified and investigated by the hypotheses of Roland Barthes, especially his works on fantasies and semiotics. In an assortment of articles entitled ‘Mythologies’ (1973) Barthes investigates reasonable items and their social implications. Inspecting such items as vehicles and hair styles he investigates the ‘signifiers’ and ‘signs’ that they contain. ‘Barthes starts by making unequivocal the implications of obviously impartial items and afterward proceeds onward to consider the social and verifiable conditions they obscure’ (McNeill 1996). He inspected vehicles, contrasting them with Gothic church buildings, because of their uses well beyond their essential capacities. Vehicles convey status and enlighten a ton concerning the individual who claims them (Barthes 1973). Such implications can likewise effectively be drawn from cell phones. Undeniably more valuable than surveying whether they are hot or c hilly, more profound increasingly investigative ends can be gotten from Barthes’ strategies. By looking at the semiotics of the medium its situation in the public eye and culture and its belongings could be assessed. In ‘Mythologies’ (1973) ‘he contended that fantasy was a method of meaning. He contended that in fantasy, the connection between the signifier and the connoted was motivated†¦so that a socially developed sign turns into a signifier, in this manner permitting what is implied to become naturalised’ (Hartley 2002). Hartley proceeds to apply this hypothesis to mark named sports wear and their connected implications. Such an application could be utilized with versatile innovation as not exclusively are there a wide range of cell phones with various capacities yet a wide range of brands. ‘Nokia’, specifically, as the clearly driving brand, has distinctive model telephones which contain various signifiers. Some seem fun and contain heaps of highlights and devices; others seem refined and look smooth and little. Others exist for viable purposes for utilizes who are less taken by cell phone culture. Given the enormous scope of decision on offer, by ‘Nokia’ as well as all brands, the choice of which telephone to buy is a functioni ng one which takes genuine consideration. More can be said for an individual who uses picture informing. Society has not exactly arrived at a phase where its considered a ‘necessity’ like content informing so the individuals who do utilize it are the individuals who are especially intrigued by the way of life. All the more so as these telephones and messages cost more it means how much cash an individual has or if nothing else how they organize their spending. More implications could be drawn from how frequently an individual uses their telephone and what number of various individuals they realize who can acknowledge picture messages. Barthes additionally expounded on Text itself and its semiotics, contending that words are solid and can be utilized as political weapons, as they have been in post World War II governmental issues. He graphs the start of the ‘moment of the text’ as 1968 (Hartley 2002). This appears to have influenced the entire of society as individuals presently converse with one another less, wanting to email or send content or picture messages. McLuhan has remarked on talk and content. As indicated by a site called ‘Marshall McLuhan: turning the trap of the future’, <accessed 13/12/03> ‘specifically, McLuhan feels that the most ideal approach to pass on data between two individuals is to expand the utilization of the senses†¦[therefore] antiquated oral developments seemed to have the best and most away from of communication.’ That isn't the composed word, however the spoken. This has, be that as it may, been reprimanded by Miller (1971) who Ã¢â‚¬Ë œdisagrees with this presumption since he feels that mankind has developed with innovation and this isn't really a terrible thing. Actually further mechanical advances have enabled humankind to convey utilizing mediums that are basically expansions of the spoken word.’ McLuhan communicated worry over the impacts of innovation and its outcome in the loss of human personality, despite the fact that he didn't consider it to be an awful thing, it was something to be kept up and directed. His interests could be supported, in any case, in that these days individuals converse with one another less, liking to impart by the composed, or composed, word. Concern ought to most likely not to be so outrageous as to fear the breakdown of society yet it has truly influenced how we impart and what we currently spend our cash on. As indicated by McLuhan in ‘Understanding Media’ (1964) exceptional, hot media should be chilled by our faculties before it very well may be absorbed. Potentially then the intrigue of the content and picture message is that they are simpler to take in on a tactile level. They are fast, take just seconds to peruse and compose and enough time is given to process the data between each message and reaction. Radio and film go about as an ambush on the faculties requesting that consideration be paid so as to take it all in, albeit less holes should be filled. In two-manner correspondence, be that as it may, it permits the client time to think about their reaction and along these lines diminishes the danger of saying something which one may lament later. In the event that we set up the two speculations of McLuhan and Barthes it is conceivable to accomplish composite study of the marvel of portable innovation. Albeit quite a bit of what was composed by, especially McLuhan, has been unreasonably scrutinized, some negligence it all together, he makes a few focuses which are valuable while looking at this zone of contemporary media and innovation. Utilizing McLuhan to investigate the more specialized parts of content and picture informing, recommending why it might be so well known. Because of its being more sweltering than an ordinary phone it is probably going to be the subsequent stage in innovation and its accommodation makes it so well known. Additionally reality that it is cooler than other direct types of media and permits additional time and less data for the cerebrum to process guarantees it is simpler on our faculties. Its very nearness has caused a change in our general public and we have taken the following social and mechani cal advance in our regularly advancing turn of events. Barthes, then again, we can look to for motivation in investigating the social parts of such correspondence innovation and what it implies. Utilizing his approach of inspecting cell phones for signs and signifiers numerous ends can be drawn. As telephones contrast broadly in style and in what highlights they contain every individual can be decided on the telephone they own, or the telephone they wished they possessed. Somebody who has a telephone that looks great, as opposed to containing numerous highlights is obviously saying something regarding the manner by which they need to introduce themselves. Moreover, an individual who thinks less about how the telephone looks and increasingly about what it does recommends something different. Most telephones which contain more highlights, especially a camera are normally bigger and look less perfect than those with less highlights. Telephones that can be utilized to record short bits of film or watch recordings on are greater still yet the re are as of now individuals who own them. Such individuals might be searching for a telephone with progressively useful worth, just as their having an enthusiasm for devices. All things considered, be that as it may, we can accept they increase natural delight from indicating an individual what their, obviously less alluring, telephone can do. We could likewise expect that such individuals wish to be in front of innovation and appreciate being one of the first to claim such things. Close to enough all

Professional Project for Customer Value Insights-myassignmenthelp

Question: Examine about theProfessional Project for Customer Value Insights. Answer: Field of research Ace of the executives for engineers is a course that is intended to close a market hole that exists between designing, the executives, and innovation fields (Ili, Albers Miller, 2010). The course centers around upgrading and dealing with all procedures in designing through the joining of business the executives apparatuses accessible. Employments of auxiliary information So as to make transporter improvement, I would utilize optional information to dissect the territories that have not been grown with the goal that I can progress on a particular territory of intrigue. Since the bearer is a multidisciplinary course, the information would be valuable in crossing over administration and building so as to circle head mechanical development. Research question Is the connecting among the board and building appropriate in the modern market? To address this inquiry, a lot of factors would be required to adjust thoughts created from three fields. The significant perspective, for this situation, is substantial and suitable dynamic as to controlling mechanical advancement and the executives. The key target is the investigation of a creation reasonable choice as the chief of the business. The information introduced in the table enables to quantify administrative capacity. Research terms The pursuit terms utilized are; Innovation, the executives, and designing The blend of both innovation and building creates the requirement for business the executives (Hoetker Mellewigt, 2009). The up and coming advancement in the modern market, requirement for guiding execution in the business, and assessing the procedures required to fulfill clients in the business the board is critical in this expert investigation (Flint, Larsson Gammelgaard, 2008). This came about to multidisciplinary course that can incorporate all the three into one under administration (Ili, Albers Miller, 2010). References Stone, D. J., Larsson, E., Gammelgaard, B. (2008). Investigating forms for client esteem bits of knowledge, flexibly chain learning and advancement: a universal examination. Diary of Business Logistics, 29(1), 257-281. Hoetker, G., Mellewigt, T. (2009). Decision and execution of administration instruments: coordinating partnership administration to resource type. Key Management Journal, 30(10), 1025-1044. Ili, S., Albers, A., Miller, S. (2010). Open advancement in the car business. Rd Management, 40(3), 246-255.

How to Write My Essay For Me Cheap

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Legacies of Historical Globalization - 956 Words

Contemporary society has done enough to respond to the legacies of historical globalization Criteria: What acts have actually been made to respond to the legacies of historical globalization? How have these effects been made in trying to respond to historical globalization? What has changed since then? What has not changed? Position: I disagree that contemporary society has done enough to respond to the legacies of historical globalization for many reasons. Reasons: Some of the reasons I think this statement is not true are, even thought society has improved since historical times, society still has many problems and is nowhere near being a perfect world and fixing every flaw. We see and hear about people around us getting hurt everyday†¦show more content†¦This just goes to show how much of a profiting company Toms really is, they make all that extra money and then just keep it for themselves when they could be helping so much more by donating it all to Africa instead of just a cheap pair of canvas shoes which doesn’t help very much in the first place. There are many diseases that can be caught easily and Toms do not provide enough protection. The Rwandan Genocide also is still an existing issue which killed one million people, mostly Tutis and some Hutu’s, continues to be one of the most tragic and memorable events in the contemporary society of Africa. Specifically for those who were involved. Lucie Niyigena, a 70 year old woman who managed to survive the genocide, is still forced to face her fear everyday living beside someone who could have potentially killed a member of her family. This is just one of the still existing hardships for those forced to live it. This problem has not been changed since historical times partly because modern society has chosen not to make the change. Also the Rwandan genocide is still a huge issue because there is always a possibility that it could happen again. Although the chances are very slim, the possibility is always there and will always be. Anything can happen in the world, it takes just one person to create change whether it is positive or negative, and others will always follow along.Show MoreRelatedModern Day Society : The Legacies Of Historical Globalization1253 Words   |  6 PagesModern day society is built from legacies of historical globalization. It should be recognized that some legacies were not the most positive, and that every legacy of historical globalization affects us today. It has been heavily debated that to what extent should we dwell on the legacies of historical globalization. Some people believe that it is necessary to dwell on events of the past. Yet others say that it is the past, and our current society functions normally without it. While contemporaryRead MoreWe Have NOT Done Enough to Respond to the Legacies of Historical Globalization879 Words   |  4 Pageslearned so far it appears that contemporary society has responded to the legacies of historical globalization, yet it hasn’t done quite enough to satisfy the concerned and affected. I would have to disagree to this statement, there are still some problems I believe needing to be addressed. Reasoning I have chosen the position of disagree because although contemporary society has responded to legacies of historical globalization, I think we haven’t done enough yet. Although we have definitely movedRead MoreContemporary Society Has Done Enough to Respond to the Legacies of Historical Globalization922 Words   |  4 Pagesactually been made to respond to the legacies of historical globalization? How have these effects been made in trying to respond to historical globalization? What has changed since then? What has not changed? Position: I disagree that contemporary society has done enough to respond to the legacies of historical globalization for many reasons. Reasons: Some of the reasons I think this statement is not true are, even thought society has improved since historical times, society still has many problemsRead MoreImpact Of Globalization On Indigenous People770 Words   |  4 Pages Did historical benefit Indigenous peoples throughout the world or did it harm them? Historical Globalization is a period beginning when Christopher Columbus discovered the Americas in 1492 and ending after World War ll in 1945. Many Canadians believe it harmed the indigenous peoples from around the world. Historical Globalization did not benefit Indigenous groups because it leads to hundreds of thousands of deaths of indigenous peoples, many indigenous groups lost their land and historical globalizationRead MoreUuhujsdkkd1008 Words   |  5 PagesLouise Gonzales Legacies of Historical Globalization – Hand In Assignments 1) How does the map on p.144 of Exploring Globalization demonstrate the spread of historical globalization and colonial influence? Explain using examples. The map demonstrates the spread of historical globalization and colonial influence because it represents the European Imperialism and Europe’s scramble for empire. European Imperialism contributed to the spread of science, religion, philosophyRead MoreThe Impact of Globalization on our Society Essay1445 Words   |  6 Pagesextent should contemporary society respond to the legacies of historical globalization? In Romeo Dallaires writing, Shake Hands with the Devil, he discusses whether or not globalization has a positive impact on our society. I agreeRead MoreLegacy of Rwanda1505 Words   |  7 PagesLegacies of Rwanda, Spanish, and Residential schools. To what extent should contemporary society respond to the legacies of historical globalization? Historical Globalization affected the entire world in the start of 1492; War, Genocide, and prejudice are all affects of historical globalization. When helping all the races, and people affected by historical globalization should be left for the citizens and the Government should be responsible about it. Three cultures were affected by historical Read MoreHistorical Globalization Essay685 Words   |  3 PagesAssignment II Essay Historical Globalization In the period of historical globalization, a lot of horrible events had happen and many people have suffered, also lost what they had such as land, culture, languages, family, freedom, and dignity. Like the Rwanda incidents, Apartheid Law in South Africa and the incidents in Residential Schools in Canada. Although those things had happened, they still survive and right now is rebuilding and moving forward to not let it happen again with theRead MoreAPWH Ch1306 Words   |  7 PagesChapter Processing Work INTRODUCTION Historical Thinking Skill Exercise: Periodization: Compare the author’s periodization in Parts One through Six to the Colleges Board’s historical periodization. How do the author’s dates and titles compare to the College Board’s? What explains the similarities and the differences? Why do you suppose the periodization in world history can be so controversial? UNIT 1 CHAPTER 1: Historical Thinking Skill Exercise: Historical Argumentation: On pages 26-43 of thisRead MoreThe World : A Conflict Between Two Side And A Great Empire1813 Words   |  8 PagesEach side has their own idea of the events and actions that took place, and who did what, who did it first, who started it. However, the truth is always somewhere in the middle. The conclusion that cannot be argued regarding the our historical legacies of globalization, is the fact that the Europeans began the age of exploration and formed the world into one unified world. However, horrific events also took place in this binding of the world. Whole cultures were lost and entire communities of people

Essay on Zeitgeist - 1708 Words

Zeitgeist Its acquaintance is inevitable so good luck at trying to escape from it. Zeitgeist is the spirit of the age, as the dictionary defines it to be, but in my own terms it is the paranoia or scream of a given epoch. For instance, the international fads like high-speed Internet, diminutive cell phones that miraculously slide and fit comfortably in your jean pocket, and convenient photo-taking digital cameras reflect the zeitgeist of many developed countries of the past decade. We see these items all over place on expressway billboards and during the two-minute commercial breaks that disrupt whatever televised program happens to be on the screen. We even see them in the millions of ads†¦show more content†¦By this blob inhabiting our carpeted floors, families absorb all of medias controversies and hot tittle-tattles - presidential sex scandals, suburban gangs, the deadly disease that is going to infect you next, and everything else that will make you run upstairs and lock the d oor. Enrenreich also informs us that the blob can no longer be stopped for it is everywhere and far out of reach to be confined. Then, for the first time in human history, hundreds of millions of individual minds were wired together in a single teleneurological system, inhabiting a self-contained universe of image and jingle and slogan. (151) Its unfortunately true. We function in life based on what we have learned from the media. For example, before the arrival of the new millennium, from one news reporter to the next, word about Y2Ks computer bug and the shutdown of all electrical systems horrified the world. Lines at supermarkets looked like army parades with their aligned frantic customers loading up on bottled water and batteries. The public has become so adapted to similar images of drama and fear that it now constantly produces more commotion after the previous crisis. Its simply aShow MoreRelatedSantos Case Study1755 Words   |  8 Pagestechniques, fracking could simplify the mining process and decrease the cost of exploiting shale gas (Fracking for natural gas, the benefits and the risks 2012). However, fracking has been objected by environmental groups, such as Lock The Gate (The Zeitgeist Movement 2012, para 1). Partial reasons for this are that fracking has resulted in water pollution as well as health issues. The fracking process could pollute water. Specifically speaking, water delivery could be polluted by toxic chemicals thatRead MoreCall Of The Wild : A Zeitgeist Of Naturalism1243 Words   |  5 Pagesscholars use to describe the practice of misapplying the biological evolutionary language of Charles Darwin to politics, the economy, and society† (â€Å"Social Darwinism in the Gilded Age†). But how is London’s novel a zeitgeist of Naturalism? Jack London’s The Call of the Wild is a zeitgeist of Naturalism with its usage of Atavism, and a key ideology of Social Darwinism, which is the survival of the fittest. As mentioned before, London’s novel is about Buck, who lives a comfortable life on a CalifornianRead MoreAugust Comte- Zeitgeist2118 Words   |  9 Pagesscientists. These thinkers have influenced the study of modern psychological thinking in many ways. The personalistic position in scientific history as well as the naturalistic positions led to the discovery of the field of social psychology. The zeitgeist contributed to the field of psychology by giving those who were living in these times the tools to be able to cope with the times in which they were living. Using positivism to explain how all things should be observed to gain all the facts was usedRead MoreDocumentary Analysis: Zeitgeist Addendum Essay815 Words   |  4 PagesActual Documentary Analysis Zeitgeist Addendum, Joseph, Peter, 2008 This film revolves around the state of the world that is corruption. The main reason or cause of this corruption is the monetary system. Our society, work, and power rely on one thing and that is money. This film/documentary also offers a solution, which is a system that is resource-based and not money-based. â€Å"This solution is not based on politics, morality, laws, or any other ‘establishment’ notions of human affairs, but ratherRead MorePersonalistic and Naturalistic Theory Essay1139 Words   |  5 Pagesmodern psychology to aid in the fields growth to take on an identity of its own (Schultz Schultz, 2004, p. 2). This paper will discuss the personalistic and naturalistic theory and how the two fields relate to zeitgeist. Personalistic and Naturalistic Theories in Relation to Zeitgeist Theory The personalistic theory of modern psychology suggests that changes made in society are the direct result of an individual(s). The focus of the personalistic theory places emphasis on those thought to beRead MoreInvestigating The Expository Qualification And The Debate Between The Personalistic And Naturalistic Position1574 Words   |  7 Pagesqualification and the debate between the Personalistic and Naturalistic position in the originations of experimental history in psychological research, it likewise clarified the correlation between the two ideas and how the zeitgeist secured the associations with each of these ideas. Zeitgeist portrays as the â€Å"spirit of the time† and amid the seventeenth and nineteenth hundreds of years. On the occasion of the recorded advancement of exploratory psychological science, the two primary perspectives have developedRead MoreHip Hop And Rap Music1646 Words   |  7 Pages90s hip-hop, while also adding contemporary social commentary into his poetic lyrics as one of the more thoughtful progressive hip-hop artists of the 21st century. When hip-hop artists first began adding social commentary into their lyrics, the zeitgeist of the times was a time of disenfranchisement, violence, poverty, and unemployment. It was the Reagan Era, an era in which the manufacturing economy was shifting into a service based economy, and those manufacturing jobs that most people of colorRead MoreModern Psychology : The Scientific Study Of Mind And Behaviour1637 Words   |  7 PagesThe following essay will focus on the emergence of modern psychology, presently understood to be the â€Å"scientific study of mind and behaviour†. Philosophy and experimental physiology have been influential in creating a favourable zeitgeist that ultimately allowed for the transformation of an ancient discipline into the scientific study of the mind. It was 1879 before psychology officially became a science. Previously philosophers endeavoured to understand human nature and the links between theRead MoreRene Descartes: The Personalist vs. the Naturalist Viewpoint1203 Words   |  5 Pagesunderstanding of our history it will always influence the present. The general cultural, social, economic, ethnical, spiritual, political, and intellectual climate within a group of people, a nation or even globally is the zeitgeist. We often see that is changes are brought about by the zeitgeist of the time or as is referenced as â€Å"Spirit of the time†. First we must understand, what is a zeighest? This is the key to help us understand if one person can drive a revolution of thought or is it driven by societyRead MoreRomanticism Essay778 Words   |  4 Pagesdiscipline and order grew. The era was full of innovative ideas and new art forms. Zeitgeist - â€Å"Hegel’s idea of the zeitgeist, the spirit of the age, the ghostly embodiment of the most important factors that are acting in human history at any given time, was frequently invoked as an idea conveying a vague sense of historical and natural inevitability to whatever the writer favored. Hegels concept of the zeitgeist gave thinkers a carte blanche to imagine sweeping historical scenarios manifesting

Evaluation of Early Childhood Development Free Essays

The early childhood stage of development is the time of physical, cognitive, social and emotional development. Infants enter the world with a limited range of knowledge, skills and abilities. A child beginning to develop new motor, cognitive, language and social skills is a source of wonder for parents and caregivers, but sometimes may not be so much of a wonder. We will write a custom essay sample on Evaluation of Early Childhood Development or any similar topic only for you Order Now The study of development is a rich and varied subject, because sometimes factors may influence a child’s development to take an atypical route. Developmental psychology seeks to understand and explain how people grow and change through the entire lifespan. Researchers study the enormous range of influences including how genetics shape a child’s development as well as how experiences play a role. Because of this, it would be a good idea to devise a developmental policy to monitor development and hence provide the necessary support and treatment for children who are having certain difficulties in their developmental process, thus minimizing the challenges of family caregiving. Under psychological basis and using prior knowledge of policies, leadership skills, legal strategies and organisational dynamics a programme can be devised to inform policymakers and government agencies as well as health-specific caregiver organizations, on legislation and policies that can assist family caregivers, including community based supports etc. Methods to measure the impact and effectiveness of the program implemented will be taken by conducting interviews with several persons and experiments will also be done. The programme will be called ‘The Children’s Basic Integration’ and will be a faction under the American Psychological Association (APA) that targets the development and of children between 3-5 years of age, of early childhood, referred to as the Initiative vs. Guilt stage by Erik Erikson. During this stage, children begin to acquire a desire to copy adults around them and thus take initiative in creating play situations during play time. At this stage, Erikson states that children become involved in an ‘Oedipal Struggle’ and resolve this struggle through social role identification. Children at this stage become frustrated and experience a feeling of guilt if they do not obtain something that they naturally desire, if they are abused or neglected or feel as though they have done something wrong. This stage was chosen because a lot of behavioural patterns can be detected and identified, it is a relatively early stage to install change if necessary and they can take part in dialogue in acquiring data for the evaluation. How to cite Evaluation of Early Childhood Development, Papers

Value Chain in Dominos Pizza Essay Example

Value Chain in Dominos Pizza Paper 1. OVERVIEW Domino’s Pizza is the No. 1 Pizza Delivery Company in the world and the undisputed pizza delivery expert. The Company has a unique business and operation model and is a pioneer in the fast food industry. Since 1960, Domino’s Pizza has successfully expanded from 3 outlets in the United State to 9,350 stores operating in seventy countries. Domino’s operation in Malaysia and overseas uses the franchise model. The parent company, Domino’s Pizza LLC is head quartered in Michigan, United State of America. It maintains overall control on the sourcing and supplying of raw materials to the master franchises and enforces quality of the service and products sold. Founded in 1960, Dominos Pizza is the recognized world leader in pizza delivery operating a network of company-owned and franchise-owned stores in the United States and international markets. Dominos Pizzas Vision illustrates a company of exceptional people on a mission to be the best pizza delivery company in the world. 2. HISTORY The legend of Domino’s Pizza dates back to December, 1960 with the purchase of a small pizza shop in Ypsilanti, Michigan by brothers Tom and Jim Monaghan. We will write a custom essay sample on Value Chain in Dominos Pizza specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Value Chain in Dominos Pizza specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Value Chain in Dominos Pizza specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The brothers bought the restaurant from friend Dominick DeVarti for USD500 cash and assuming the stores USD8,000 debt (Dicke, 1992). Neither Tom nor Jim had the intention of making the restaurant business their career, but rather saw the opportunity as a part-time venture to help cover the cost of their studies at the nearby University of Michigan. By June the store was earning a profitable USD400 a week but briskly fell off when students at the University went home for summer. Faced with the prospect of a slow phase, Jim sold Tom his half of the business in.. Domino’s One Brand -Putting People First -Demanding Integrity -Striving for Customer Loyalty -Delivering with Smart Hustle ; Positive Energy -Winning by Improving Results Everyday Making pizza since 1960 Like most corporate success stories, Dominos started out small – with just one store in 1960. However, in 1978 the 200th Dominos store opened, and things really began to cook. By 1983 there were 1,000 Dominos stores and 5,000 in 1989. Today, there are nearly 10,000 stores – including more than 5,000 outside the United States. Sure, it took more than 50 years to get here, but the trip was well worth it. Feel free to take the journey yourself. Order a hot, Dominos Pizza for delivery to your door and make your familys dinner the best they have ever had. 1960s1960 * Tom Monaghan and his brother, James, purchase DomiNicks, a pizza store in Ypsilanti, Mich. Monaghan borrowed $500 to buy the store. 1961 * James Monaghan trades his half of the business to Tom for a Volkswagen Beetle. 1965 * Tom Monaghan, the sole owner of company, renames the business Dominos Pizza, Inc. 1967 * The first Dominos Pizza franchise store opens in Ypsilanti, Mich. 1968 * Company headquarters and commissary are destroyed by fire. The first Dominos store outside of Michigan opens in Burlington, Vt. |   | | 1970s1975 * Amstar Corp. , maker of Domino Sugar, institutes a trademark infringement lawsuit against Dominos Pizza. 1978 * The 200th Dominos store opens. |   | | 1980s1980 * Federal court rules Dominos Pizza did not infringe on t he Domino Sugar trademark. 1983 * Dominos first international store opens in Winnipeg, Canada. * The 1,000th Dominos store opens. gt;;;; * The first Dominos store opens on the Australian continent, in Queensland, Australia. 1985 * Dominos opens 954 units, for a total of 2,841, making Dominos the fastest-growing pizza company in the country. * The first Dominos store opens in the United Kingdom, in Luton, England. * The first Dominos store opens on the continent of Asia, in Minato, Japan. 1988 * The first Dominos store opens on the South American continent, in Bogota, Colombia. 1989 * Pan Pizza, the companys first new product, is introduced. * Dominos opens its 5,000th tore. |   |   | 1990s1990 * Dominos Pizza signs its 1,000th franchise. 1992 * Dominos rolls out bread sticks, the companys first national nonpizza menu item. 1993 * Thin Crust pizza is rolled out nationwide. * The company discontinues the 30-minute guarantee and re-emphasizes the Total Satisfaction Guarantee: If fo r any reason you are dissatisfied with your Dominos Pizza dining experience, we will remake your pizza or refund your money. 1994 * Buffalo Wings are rolled out in all U. S. stores. 1995 * Dominos Pizza International opens its 1,000th store. First store opens on African continent, in Cairo, Egypt. 1996 * Dominos launches its website (www. dominos. com). * Dominos rolls out flavored crusts, for limited-time-only promotions, nationally for the first time in company history. * The company reaches record sales of $2. 8 billion system-wide in 1996. 1997 * Dominos Pizza opens its 1,500th store outside the United States, opening seven stores in one day on five continents simultaneously. * Dominos Pizza launches a campaign to update the company logo and store interiors with brighter colors and a newer look. 998 * Dominos launches another industry innovation, Dominos HeatWave ®, a hot bag using patented technology that keeps pizza oven-hot to the customers door. ;;;; * Dominos Pizza opens its 6,000th store in San Francisco, Calif. in April. * Dominos Pizza founder, Tom Monaghan, announces his retirement to pursue other interests, and gives up ownership of the company to Bain Capital Inc. 1999 * David A. Brandon is named Chairman and Chief Executive Officer of Dominos Pizza. * The company announces record results for 1999, with worldwide sales exceeding $3. 6 billion. Revenues increased 4. 4% over 1998. |   |   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  | 2000s2000 * Dominos Pizza International opens its 2,000th store outside the United States. * Dominos Pizza celebrates 40 years of innovation and delivering pizza to homes around the world. During the past four decades, Dominos has paved the way for businesses involved in food delivery, employing practices that have set the standard in the industry. * Dominos Pizza announces record results for 2000. Worldwide sales exceed $3. 54 billion. Revenues increased 5. 3% over 1999. 001 * Dominos introduces Cinna Stixà ‚ ®, a new permanent dessert item, to its menu. * Dominos launches Get the Door. Its Dominos. advertising campaign. * Dominos 7,000th store opens in Brooklyn, N. Y. ;;;; * Dominos launches two-year national partnership with the Make-A-Wish Foundation ®Ã‚  of America. * Dominos stores in New York City and Washington, D. C. , provide more than 12,000 pizzas to relief workers following the September 11 tragedy. Dominos establishes a team member matching funds program to financially assist the American Red Cross and donates $350,000 to the Disaster Relief Effort. Dominos Pizza International division establishes Dominos first regional resource center with the majority stake purchase of the franchise in the Netherlands, setting the stage for expansion on the European continent. * Dominos pizza announces record results for 2001. Worldwide sales exceed $3. 78 billion. Revenues increased 6. 8 percent over 2000. 2002 * In February 2002, Dominos Pizza acquired 82 franchised stores in the Ph oenix, Ariz. , market, making it the largest store acquisition in the companys history. In August 2002, Dominos kicked delivery up a notch with the introduction of Dominos Pizza Buffalo Chicken Kickersâ„ ¢ and marked the creation of a whole new surprising category – premium chicken delivered right to the door! 2003 * Dominos announces an exciting multi-year partnership by becoming the Official Pizza of NASCAR. * Dominos is named Chain of the Year by Pizza Today magazine, a leading pizza trade publication. * Dominos combines two culinary classics – pizza and Philadelphia Cheese Steak – to create   Dominos Philly Cheese Steak Pizza. 004 * Dominos launches Dominos Cheesy Dotsâ„ ¢, delicious round balls of dough covered in a blend of zesty melted cheeses. * Dominos becomes an associate sponsor for the Drive for Diversity program, a minority driver development program designed to provide a steady pipeline of well-trained and supported minority drivers for th e NASCAR circuit. * Dominos Pizza Inc. , the recognized world leader in pizza delivery, becomes a publicly traded company on the New York Stock Exchange (NYSE) in July 2004, under the new ticker symbol DPZ. * Dominos announces a three-year partnership with St. Jude Childrens Research Hospital. St. Jude was selected as Dominos charity of choice by franchisees and team members. 2005 * Domino’s Pizza celebrates the completion of the three-year renovation of its World Resource Center in Ann Arbor, Mich. The renovation marks the first major improvement to the company’s world headquarters since Domino’s founder Tom Monaghan opened the sprawling Domino’s Farms office complex. * Domino’s Pizza Australia opens its 400th store in Aspley, Brisbane. * Domino’s Pizza in the United Kingdom celebrates the opening of its 400th store in Wadsley Bridge, Sheffield. Domino’s raises $1. 2 million for St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital during its second annual â€Å"Thanks and Giving† campaign. * Domino’s Pizza efforts worldwide raise $220,000 to support southeast Asia tsunami relief efforts. * Domino’s Pizza launches its American Classic Cheeseburger Pizza in conjunction with its a ppearance as a featured task on the NBC hit reality show, â€Å"The Apprentice. †2006 * Domino’s celebrates the opening of its 8,000th store with simultaneous celebrations of the opening of its 5,000th U. S. store in Huntley, Ill. , and its 3,000th international store in Panama City, Panama. gt; * Dominos indefinitely extends its relationship with St. Jude as its national charitable partner. Dominos raises $1. 34 million for St. Jude during its third annual Thanks and Giving campaign. * Domino’s Pizza introduces Brownie Squares — warm, delicious, bite-sized brownies delivered with a fudge dipping sauce. 2007 * Domino’s introduces OREO ®Ã‚  Dessert Pizza—a thin dessert-style crust that’s layered with vanilla sauce and covered with OREO ®Ã‚  cookie crumbles and then topped with sweet icing. * Domino’s introduces its Veterans and Delivering the Dream franchising programs. Domino’s rolls out online and mobile ordering. * Domino’s is ranked in the Top 10 for the ninth time in Entrepreneur magazine’s annual listing of great franchise opportunities. 2008 * Domino’s becomes the largest sandwich delivery company overnight when it launches a line of oven baked sandwiches. * Dominos launches a food delivery industry first: Dominos Trackerâ„ ¢. This revolutionary technology allows Dominos Pizza customers to follow the progress of their order online, from the time they click the Place Order button (or hang up the telephone), until the order is delivered. 009 * Domino’s introduces American Legends, a line of premium pizzas featuring toppings such as roasted red peppers, spinach and feta cheese. * Domino’s introduced Breadbowl Pasta and Chocolate Lava Crunch Cakes. * At year’s end, Domino’s scraps its 49-year-old pizza recipe and launches its â€Å"new and inspired pizza† with an unusual advertising campaign. ;;;;|   |   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã ‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  | 2010s2010 * Bain Capital sells its interests in Dominos Pizza. * In March, Domino’s Pizza opens its 9,000th store worldwide, with dual celebrations in New Delhi, India and New Orleans, La. gt; * Dominos raises $2. 7 million during the 7th annual St. Jude Childrens Research Hospital ®Ã‚  Thanks and Giving ®Ã‚  campaign, marking the largest single charitable donation in the companys 50-year history. * Domino’s Pizza celebrates its 50th anniversary in December. 2011 * Pizza Today Magazine names Dominos its Chain of the Year for the second straight year – making the company a three-time overall winner, and the first pizza delivery company to receive the honor in back-to-back years. Dominos continues to revamp its menu, launching a new recipe for Buffalo Wings and Boneless Chicken, a new line of Dominos Artisanâ„ ¢Ã‚  Pizzas using premium ingredients and two new br ead sides – Stuffed Cheesy Bread and Parmesan Bread Bites. * Patrick Doyle is named No. 1 Best CEO of 2011 by CNBC. * Dominos Pizza is recognized as the Official Pizza of the NCAA ®Ã‚  and Official Pizza of NCAA ®Ã‚  March Madness ®. The partnership lasts from 2011-2013. 2012 * Dominos debuts its ordering app for Android phones. This, in addition to its existing iPhone app which debuted in 2011, offers a Dominos mobile ordering app to more than 80 percent of smartphones. * Dominos Pizza debuts its mobile ordering technology to Amazons Kindle Fire by launching the Dominos Pizza app into the Amazon Appstore for Android. This marks the companys first appearance in the Amazon Appstore for Android and the companys first Android tablet app. * In August, Dominos launched its Ultimate Delivery Vehicle design competition – a campaign as unique as anything in its 52-year history. Pizza lovers and car enthusiasts were asked to help Dominos revolutionize the pizza industry by contributing to the design of the Ultimate Delivery Vehicle – something Dominos fans and customers could see as part of the delivery experience in the future. Stay tuned! * Dominos unveiled its new logo and Pizza Theater store design†¦marking a significant change in the customer experience at Dominos! ;;;; * Dominos debuted the biggest product launch since the redesign of its core hand-tossed pizza, launching its Handmade Pan Pizza in September. Made from fresh, never-frozen dough, the terrific product marked Dominos entry into the Pan Pizza scene in a big way! |   |   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  | Dominos 101: Basic Facts PIZZA, PRODUCT MENU: * 85%  of the items on Dominos menu are new since 2008. * There are more than  34 million ways  to create a single Dominos pizza. * 30 slices of pepperoni  go on a medium pepperoni pizza (40 slices for a large peperoni pizza). * Pepperoni is the most popular U. S. pizza topping, followed by mushrooms, sausage, ham and green peppers. * Breadsticks were the first national nonpizza menu item offered at Dominos, in 1992. Dominos Worlds Fastest Pizza Maker Pali Grewal can make three large pizzas in just 39. 17 seconds. STORE ; FRANCHISE OWNER FACTS: * Dominos is  95% franchise-owned. * Dominos has about  1,100 independent franchise owners  in the U. S. * More than 90% started their careers as drivers or assistant managers. * Dominos delivery experts cover 10 million m iles each week  in the U. S. alone. INTERNATIONAL GLOBAL FACTS: * Dominos delivers more than  1 million pizzas a day  worldwide. * Dominos operates  10,040 stores in over 70 countries  around the world. * More than half of Dominos sales now come from outside the U. S. * 2011 global retail sales: $6. 9 billion ($3. 4 domestic, $3. 5 international). * Dominos International has experienced  18 consecutive years of positive same store sales  growth (Q4 2011). * Dominos currently holds the #1 pizza delivery market position in 21 markets, including 7 of our 10 largest: Mexico, U. K. , Australia, India, France, South Korea and Turkey. * Dominos largest markets are the following (by number of stores):   | †¢ U. S. – 4,509†¢ U. K. /Ireland – 719†¢ Mexico – 585†¢ Australia – 458| †¢ India – 515†¢ South Korea – 367†¢ Canada – 366†¢ Turkey – 259| †¢ Japan – 232†¢ France – 09†¢ Taiwan – 140| BUSIEST DAYS FOR DELIVERY: * Dominos sells more than 11 million pizza slices on  Super Bowl Sunday, nearly 80% more than a typical Sunday. * Super Bowl is followed by  Halloween, New Years Eve/Day  and  Thanksgiving Eve. TECHN OLOGY ONLINE: * Dominos is consistently one of the top five companies  in terms of online transactions, behind companies such as Amazon and Apple. * 80% of smartphones  are covered with the ordering app (iPhone and Android). * 30% of Dominos orders  are taken online in the U. S. * 30 Dominos international markets  feature online ordering. Corporate Profile Founded as a single store in 1960, Domino’s Pizza today stands as the recognized world leader in pizza delivery. From the beginning, we have been dedicated to the best of service, quality products and delivery excellence. Dominos Pizza Corporate FactsEach day, more than 1 million customers enjoy hot, delicious Domino’s Pizza products on every inhabited continent on Earth, because we operate over   10,000 stores in more than 70 countries; each and every store dedicated to our  focus of providing great-tasting pizza – whether it be delivered directly to your door or available for carryout. We pioneered the pizza delivery business back in 1960, and our total system sells more than 400 million pizzas worldwide every year. Great Name Brand Recognition Domino’s Pizza is recognized as a Megabrand by Advertising Age magazine, and has been named â€Å"Chain of the Year† by Pizza Today, the leading publication of the pizza industry, three times – including back to back wins, the first ever company to do so, in 2010 and 2011. Strong Teamwork Domino’s Pizza Inc. s leadership, team members and franchisees aspire to achieve our collective vision of being Team Members and Franchisees on a mission to be the best pizza delivery company in the world. We operate through a set of Guiding Principles founded on integrity and putting people first (our shareholders, customers, suppliers and employees) – which serve as our compass as we manage our business. Our Products Domino’s Pizza offers Classic Hand Tossed, Crunchy Thin Crust, Artisan and Handma de Pan pizzas, with a wide variety of toppings. Additional menu items include  Stuffed Cheesy Bread, Buffalo Wings Boneless Chicken, Chocolate Lava Crunch Cakes and Cinna Stix ®. We also proudly serve icy cold Coca-Cola ®Ã‚  products. Domino’s has recently expanded its menu significantly to also include Domino’s American Legendsâ„ ¢ specialty pizzas, Oven Baked Sandwiches and BreadBowl Pastasâ„ ¢. In late 2009, Domino’s debuted its Inspired New Pizza – a permanent change to its core hand-tossed product, reinvented from the crust up with new sauce, cheese and garlic-seasoned crust. Innovating the Pizza Delivery Business Throughout our history, in addition to pioneering the concept of efficient delivery of made-to-order pizzas, we have been part of innovations that have made significant impact on the pizza and delivery industries. Here’s a look at some of our innovative thinking: * Dominos HeatWave ®Ã‚  Hot Bag Domino’s HeatWave hot bags were introduced in 1998 to keep pizzas oven-hot during normal delivery. Originally, each hot bag contained a patented heating mechanism charged by plugging into an electric outlet at the store. The outer material of the bag is made with water-repellent nylon, which replaced the less sturdy vinyl material previously used. Domino’s has continued to innovate and evolve the technology, removing the electric cord and heating each bag via an induction heating system. The latest edition of Domino’s HeatWave bags relies solely on a patented insulation system that keeps pizzas both hot and crisp – completely eliminating the need for electricity. * A better box Dominos was the innovator behind the sturdy, corrugated pizza box, which keeps moisture from weakening the box, while preventing cheese from sticking to the top during delivery. Car-top sign in 3-D! Today, its hard to miss pizza delivery cars thanks to Dominos Pizza. Dominos invented the 3-D car-top sign, which is currently used by a variety of industries, including taxis and driving schools. Taking innovation a step further – in 2012, Domino’s launched its â€Å"Ultimate Delivery Vehicleà ¢â‚¬  campaign, asking consumers and car enthusiasts to help design a pizza delivery vehicle in hopes of revolutionizing the industry! * Spoodle This saucing tool combines the best features of a spoon and a ladle, cutting down the time spent saucing a pizza. The Spoodle was introduced at the 1985 Worlds Fastest Pizza Maker competition by the eventual winner, Jeff Goddard. * Domino’s Online Ordering – Pizza Tracker and Pizza Builder Domino’s launched online ordering in 2007, and in 2008 revolutionized the customer experience by launching its innovative Pizza Builder and Domino’s Tracker. Pizza Builder allows customers to see their pizza come to life on the computer screen, as toppings and crust styles are selected in real time. Domino’s Tracker allows customers to follow the progress of the order, from the time it’s placed until customers receive it. The experience has seen various looks, themes and interactive opportunities since its debut. While the Pizza Builder has since been mimicked by other pizza companies, we remain the only company offering the unique, engaging ordering experience of Domino’s Tracker. These innovations and others have helped us get better at what we love to do most: deliver great pizza to your door, efficiently and enthusiastically! Strong Distribution System To allow Dominos stores to concentrate on making and delivering pizzas, Dominos developed a central distribution and dough manufacturing system. This relieves stores from long hours making dough, grating cheese and preparing toppings. Today, Domino’s Supply Chain Services (SCS) provides high quality dough and ingredients nationwide, keeping the companys pizza consistently delicious. In fact, through its network of 16 domestic distribution centers, SCS regularly supplies the nearly 5,000 U. S. pizza stores with more than 240 products. Other pizza and fast food companies in the U. S. have adopted this same system. | Success Factors * Dominos is a powerful global brand. Mega Brand as defined by Advertising Age * Significant, ongoing investments in advertising result in broad consumer awareness * We are the #1 pizza delivery company in the U. S. * Largest share of pizza delivery channel and continued innovation†¦reinforced by our well-known tagline, â€Å"Oh Yes We Did! † * We have a large and growing international presence. * Operate in over 70 countries and with more than 10,000 stores worldwide * #1 or #2 ma rket share position in most of our top 10 markets * We have a strong and proven business model with superior returns. Strong unit economics: focused on efficient operating model; moderate cost to open; solid cash-on-cash returns * Franchisees have succeeded and have high renewal rates because the business model works forming solid partnerships * Voluntarily purchase from company supply chain system * Geographically diverse franchise base with no significant concentrations * Return on assets higher than the quick-serve restaurant peer average * We operate a profitable, value-added supply chain system. * Ensures quality and consistency Leverages purchasing power * Enhances franchisee partnerships through 50% profit sharing * Allows stores to focus on sales and service * Our leadership team has a track record of success. * Delivered strong results since 1999 change of control Our Commitment to Diversity Dominos commitment to diversity is based on creating a unified and inclusive enviro nment that respects and celebrates the uniqueness of our exceptional people who invest their time, talents and energies while striving to make our company the best pizza delivery company in the world. With more than 10,000 stores around the globe, our stores are as diverse as the communities they serve. Diversity Mission Statement Dominos Pizza is committed to an inclusive culture which values the contributions of our customers, team members, suppliers, and neighbors. Our Team Domino’s Pizza is proud of its heritage of helping pizza makers and pizza takers become independent business owners. Some of the most successful Domino’s franchisees began their career as delivery experts, customer service representatives, or pizza makers in their own communities. Corporate Careers Our corporate offices are full of exceptional people supporting those team members and allowing them to stay focused on the task at hand. Dominos office personnel support our nearly 600 corporate-owned stores, a system of 5,000+ domestic franchise-owned stores and an international franchise base that operates more than 5,000 stores in approximately 70 markets. We also manage our own distribution business, a rarity in the quick service restaurant industry. We have marketers and lawyers. Accountants and communicators. Trainers and lease negotiators. International business consultants and human resource representatives. Safety specialists and product developers. Theres many more dramatically different roles to fill, but they all have one thing in common: Dominos Pizza people are fiercely proud of who we are and what we do. If you have those same traits, wed love to have you on our team. As a company, we have plenty of growing left to do and many successes to celebrate. Come grow and celebrate with us. Corporate Benefits and Perks World Resource Center Ann Arbor, Michigan A 200,000 square foot modern World Resource Center includes 27 conference and meeting rooms, updated research and development labs and gift store. The centerpiece is the spacious Welcome Center, which surrounds a four-story glass staircase and a Domino’s Pizza store at the base. The office is minutes from downtown Ann Arbor, and less than 30 minutes from Detroit’s Metropolitan Airport. Domino’s Pizza is located in a scenic rural setting in a building known as the Prairie House at Domino’s Farms Office Park, and whose external architecture was inspired by the works of architect Frank Lloyd Wright. Located in suburban Ann Arbor, this landmark facility offers a unique and architecturally significant building, surrounded by pastures, cultivated farmland, and wildlife habitat. The following on-site amenities are available to Domino’s team members at the World Resource Center: 1. Dining Facility 2. Free Fitness Center membership 3. Post Office 4. Deli/Sundry Shop 5. Dry Cleaner 6. Bookstore 7. Credit Union 8. Art Gallery 9. Hair, nail and massage salons 10. Petting Farm 11. Free Parking Benefits Domino’s pizza recognizes the best way to achieve success is to first ensure the satisfaction of its team members. Treating team members exceptionally well is just one way we are committed to putting our people first. Domino’s is proud to provide a fair and comprehensive rewards package. Below are just a few of the generous benefits available to Domino’s team members. * Competitive salaries * Medical, dental and vision coverage * Prescription drug benefit * Wellness benefits * Health Savings Account (HSA) * Flexible Spending Accounts * Long and short-term disability * Team Achievement Dividend (performance bonus) * Partners Foundation (team member assistance) * Above-average paid holiday program * 401(k) matching program * Employee stock purchase discount plan * Company-paid life insurance * Supplemental and dependent life insurance * Tuition Reimbursement National corporate discounts * Legal services * Adoption assistance Corporate Training Programs Dominos Pizza Prep School For those team members not in stores every day and night, it is critical that they know how their role supports those who are and have a solid understanding of what happens in the store. This is so important to our business that we developed Dominos Pizza Prep School for our World Resourc e Center team members to give them store operations knowledge. This program earned Dominos a Stevie from the American Business Awards. HR Development Program The development program in the Domino’s People First department is a unique opportunity for early career human resource professionals to complete a defined career development plan, gaining knowledge and experience in all capacities of the field. Domino’s Pizza is committed to the development of the participants and has purposely selected positions that support their progression with the expectation that we are investing in the future leaders of the department. The program is only successful if the participant is equally committed to their development and responsibilities. We expect candidates to get as much as they can from each rotation and willingly support the company’s objectives, no matter where the position is located. Each participant is required to complete three rotations. Two of the rotations will be in a core assignment that all participants must complete, and the third will be one of the additional assignments. Core Assignments: * Shared Services (Ann Arbor, Mich. ) * Primary point of contact for 12,000 corporate team members for PeopleFirst-related issues. * Support team member requests by executing PeopleFirst policies and procedures and initiating recommended improvements. Maintain team members’ electronic records. * Communicate and support PeopleFirst programs Marketplace (corporate market): * Support team members in resolving employee relations issues * Coordinate staffing and retention initiatives Additional Assignments: * Franchise/Employee Relations * Compensation * Benefits * Training Implementation Program * Learni ng Development * Human Resource Information Systems DPZ University From first line supervision to leadership development, DPZ University provides the classes and career paths necessary to become successful. Dominos has a strong promotion from within culture and provides the necessary development to prepare individuals for future opportunities. Partnering with world-class organizations like Harvard Business School, Ninth House: The Leadership Development Company, Franklin-Covey, and others offer learning and development to achieve our vision of Exceptional franchisees and team members on a mission to be the best pizza delivery company in the world. Accounting/Finance Program Our cash and general ledger accountant positions are the gateway to opportunity at Domino’s Pizza. In this position, you will be responsible for: * Performing financial reviews at mid-period and final stages of the period closing cycle. * Communication with internal customers on outstanding accounting issues, problems, or concerns. * Acting as a resource to internal customers on financial statements. * Reviewing and analyzing accounts receivable, accounts payable, inventory and payroll activity. * Preparing weekly estimates for distribution centers. * Analyzing and posting weekly corporate sales data. * Auditing weekly corporate store paperwork. Researching Corporate sales, food, and labor variance by comparing actual data to Domino’s Pulse, our point of sales system. * Assisting the accounting center management or other internal customers with analysis of financial impact on certain projects. Supply Chain Careers From our nationwide network of 17 supply chain centers, Dominos Pizza Supply Chain strives to fulfill its mission of supporting more than 5,000 U. S. Dominos Pizz a stores by providing them with more than 200 different products. 365  Million Pounds Of Dough Last Year Supply Chain is also responsible for producing the dough used to make our pizzas. Each dough production team member is trained and certified in the art and science of dough production to ensure a top quality product. Teamwork is the Key Ingredient From our warehouse and customer service team members to our commercial delivery and service drivers to our management team, Dominos Pizza Supply Chain provides the foundation of support for our franchisees. This cooperation and teamwork is a proven system that has made Dominos Pizza the world leader in pizza delivery. Supply Chain Training Programs The Supply Chain Centers responsible for dough production, warehouse and store delivery provides numerous training programs to acquire the skills necessary to be proficient including dough certification classes to ensure product quality, forklift certification, and numerous safety and defensive driving classes. Training provided in the following areas: * Facility Safety Organization (IPP) * Physical Hazards associated with job * Chemical Hazards * Safety guards built into machines equipment * Administrative controls in effect * Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) * Emergency Action Plans * Accident Investigation process Blood borne pathogen safety training * Electrical safety training * Personal protective equipment training * Back injury prevention training * Safety course Supply Chain Benefits and Perks Domino’s pizza recognizes the best way to achieve success is to first ensure the satisfaction of its team members. Treating team members exceptionally well is just one way we are committed to putting our people first. Domino’s is proud to provide a fair and comprehensive rewards package. Below are just a few of the generous benefits available to Domino’s Supply Chain team members. * Annual performance-based bonus * Quality equipment * Paperless logging Regular schedules * Single and team runs * Competitive medical and dental package * 401(k) savings plan with company match * Life insurance * Educational assistance * Employee stock purchase plan What We Do In Supply Chain From our nationwide network of 16 Supply Chain Centers, Dominos Pizza Supply Chain strives to fulfill its mission of supporting more than 5,000 U. S. Dominos Pizza stores by providing them with more than 200 different products. Supply Chain Management Management positions at Dominos Pizza Supply Chain Centers offer you the opportunity to join a world-class company with: * A competitive salary. An excellent benefits package. * Opportunity for career growth. Our team leaders are involved in all facets of our business. The work is a combination of administrative and operational responsibilities performed throughout the Supply Chain Center. The best candidates are strong yet thoughtful leaders who have the ability to respect their team members and mentor them onto greater career development. If you care about the people who work for you and have the desire to encourage and assist in their career growth, youre the type of leader we look for. What Types of Management Positions Are Available? Our General Manager Development Program is an excellent start to acquiring skills and learning the fundamentals of business operations. In addition to several requirements, it is necessary to work successfully in a team leader position (minimum of six months) to apply for the program. The program is customized for each individual and focuses on the following areas. Food Production Preparing and mixing fresh pizza dough is the responsibility of a production team member. The production team is the secret behind the great-tasting Domino’s Pizza consumers turn to when they’re hungry. If you have the desire to create a top-quality food product every day, then our production department is for you. Commercial Delivery and Service Drivers We look for team members with a commitment to safety and excellent customer service to be part of our Delivery ; Service team. Delivery ; Service drivers will drive a truck over an established route to deliver products to Domino’s Pizza stores. When you take the wheel for Domino’s Pizza Supply Chain, you are the face of our company to our customers. You’re interaction with the stores is crucial to our success. Many drivers build lasting relationships with customers in the fun and supportive family environment of Domino’s Pizza. Warehouse Our warehouse team members ensure that our customers receive each and every product they order, every time they order it. As a warehouse team member, your main responsibility will be to load, unload and move materials within or near the Supply Chain Center. You’re the one who makes it happen for us every day and you are an important piece of who we are. Customer Service As a Customer Service Representative (CSR), you are responsible for taking incoming orders from stores using a telephone and computer. A CSR talks with our customers regularly, taking their orders and solving concerns and problems. Our customers look to you for answers and direction. Your professional customer service expertise is essential to keeping our stores happy. What Qualifications Do I Need? These professional level positions at Supply Chain Centers require: * Strong team leadership skills. * Three years of experience in managing multi-function operations (preferably in transportation or supply chain). * A bachelors degree in a related field. * A willingness to relocate.

The two most basic types of cells are eukaryotic and prokaryotic

The two most basic types of cells are eukaryotic and prokaryotic. Animal cells fall under the eukaryotic classification while bacteria, which will be the topic discussed, fall into the prokaryotic classification. Bacteria have a wide variety of characteristics, which includes, cell structure, oxygen usage, and source of energy. A cell is the fundamental structural unit of all living things. All cells have a surrounding membrane and an internal, water-rich substance called the cytoplasm. A more or less typical bacterium is comparatively much simpler than a typical eukaryotic cell. Within the eukaryotic cell is genetic material, deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), and organelles. DNA, combined with protein, is organized inside the nucleus into structural units called chromosomes. Cells are made mostly of organic compounds such as proteins, nucleic acids, lipids, and carbohydrates. Water makes up 60 to 65 percent of the cell. Bacteria lack the membrane-bound nuclei of eukaryotes; their DNA forms a tangle known as a nucleoid, but there is no membrane around the nucleoid, and the DNA is not bound to proteins as it is in eukaryotes. Whereas eukaryote DNA is organized into linear pieces, the chromosomes, bacterial DNA forms loops. Bacteria contain plasmids, or small loops of DNA, that can be transmitted from one cell to another, either in the course of multiplication or by viruses. This ability to trade genes with all comers makes bacteria amazingly adaptible; beneficial genes, like those for antibiotic resistance, may be spread very rapidly through bacterial populations. It also makes bacteria favorites of molecular biologists and genetic engineers; new genes can be inserted into bacteria with ease. Bacteria do not contain membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria or chloroplasts, as eukaryotes do. However, photosynthetic bacteria, such as cyanobacteria, may be filled with tightly packed folds of their outer membrane. The effect of t...

19th-Century Military History

19th-Century Military History The documentation of military history begins with the battle near Basra, Iraq, circa 2700 B.C., between Sumer, now known as Iraq, and Elam, called Iran today. Learn about wars of invasion, revolutions, wars of independence, and others, and track the guideline below to learn more about military history. Military History February 9, 1801 - French Revolutionary Wars: The War of the Second Coalition ends when the Austrians and French sign the Treaty of Lunà ©ville April 2, 1801 - Vice Admiral Lord Horatio Nelson wins the Battle of Copenhagen May 1801 - First Barbary War: Tripoli, Tangier, Algiers, and Tunis declare war on the United States March 25, 1802 - French Revolutionary Wars: Fighting between Britain and France ends with the Treaty of Amiens May 18, 1803 - Napoleonic Wars: Fighting resumes between Britain and France January 1, 1804 - Haitian Revolution: The 13-year war ends with the declaration of Haitian independence February 16, 1804 - First Barbary War: American sailors sneak into Tripoli harbor and burn the captured frigate USS Philadelphia March 17, 1805 - Napoleonic Wars: Austria joins the Third Coalition and declares war on France, with Russia joining a month later June 10, 1805 - First Barbary War: The conflict ends when a treaty is signed between Tripoli and the United States October 16-19, 1805 - Napoleonic Wars: Napoleon is victorious at the Battle of Ulm October 21, 1805 - Napoleonic Wars: Vice Admiral Nelson crushes the combined Franco-Spanish fleet at the Battle of Trafalgar December 2, 1805 - Napoleonic Wars: The Austrians and Russians are crushed by Napoleon at the Battle of Austerlitz December 26, 1805 - Napoleonic Wars: The Austrians sign the Treaty of Pressburg, ending the War of the Third Coalition February 6, 1806 - Napoleonic Wars: The Royal Navy wins the Battle of San Domingo Summer 1806 - Napoleonic Wars: The Fourth Coalition of Prussia, Russia, Saxony, Sweden, and Britain is formed to fight France October 15, 1806 - Napoleonic Wars: Napoleon and French forces defeat the Prussians at the Battles of Jena and Auerstdt February 7-8, 1807 - Napoleonic Wars: Napoleon and Count von Bennigsen fight to a draw at the Battle of Eylau June 14, 1807 - Napoleonic Wars: Napoleon routs the Russians at the Battle of Friedland, forcing Tsar Alexander to sign the Treaty of Tilsit that effectively ended the War of the Fourth Coalition June 22, 1807 - Anglo-American Tensions: HMS Leopard fires on USS Chesapeake after the American ship refused to be allowed to be searched for British deserters May 2, 1808 - Napoleonic Wars: The Peninsular War begins in Spain when the citizens of Madrid rebel against French occupation August 21, 1808 - Napoleonic Wars: Lt. Gen. Sir Arthur Wellesley defeats the French at the Battle of Vimeiro January 18, 1809 - Napoleonic Wars: British forces evacuate northern Spain after the Battle of Corunna April 10, 1809 - Napoleonic Wars: Austria and Britain begin the War of the Fifth Coalition April 11-13, 1809 - Napoleonic Wars: The Royal Navy wins the Battle of the Basque Roads June 5-6, 1809 - Napoleonic Wars: The Austrians are defeated by Napoleon at the Battle of Wagram October 14, 1809 - Napoleonic Wars: The Treaty of Schà ¶nbrunn ends the War of the Fifth Coalition in a French victory May 3-5, 1811 - Napoleonic Wars: British and Portuguese forces hold at the Battle of Fuentes de Oà ±oro March 16-April 6, 1812 - Napoleonic Wars: The Earl of Wellington lays siege to the city of Badajoz June 18, 1812 - War of 1812: The United States declares  war on Britain, beginning the conflict June 24, 1812 - Napoleonic Wars: Napoleon and the Grande Armà ©e cross the Neman River, beginning the invasion of Russia August 16, 1812 - War of 1812: British forces win the Siege of Detroit August 19, 1812 - War of 1812: USS Constitution captures HMS Guerriere to give the United States the first naval victory of the war September 7, 1812 - Napoleonic Wars: The French defeat the Russians at the Battle of Borodino September 5-12, 1812 - War of 1812: American forces hold  out during the Siege of Fort Wayne December 14, 1812 - Napoleonic Wars: After a long retreat from Moscow, the French army leaves Russian soil January 18-23, 1812 - War of 1812: American forces are beaten at the Battle of Frenchtown Spring 1813 - Napoleonic Wars: Prussia, Sweden, Austria, Britain, and a number of the German states form the Sixth Coalition to take advantage of Frances defeat in Russia April 27, 1813 - War of 1812: American forces win the Battle of York April 28-May 9, 1813 - War of 1812: The British are repulsed at Siege of Fort Meigs May 2, 1813 - Napoleonic Wars: Napoleon defeats Prussian and Russian forces at the Battle of Là ¼tzen May 20-21, 1813 - Napoleonic Wars: Prussian and Russian forces are beaten at the Battle of Bautzen May 27, 1813 - War of 1812: American forces land and capture Fort George June 6, 1813 - War of 1812: American troops are beaten at the Battle of Stoney Creek June 21, 1813 - Napoleonic Wars: British, Portuguese, and Spanish forces under Sir Arthur Wellesley defeat the French at the Battle of Vitoria August 30, 1813 - Creek War: Red Stick warriors conduct the Fort Mims Massacre September 10, 1813 - War of 1812: U.S. naval forces under Commodore Oliver H. Perry defeat the British at the Battle of Lake Erie October 16-19, 1813 - Napoleonic Wars: Prussian, Russian, Austrian, Swedish, and German troops defeat Napoleon at the Battle of Leipzig October 26, 1813 - War of 1812:  American forces are held at the Battle of the Chateauguay November 11, 1813 - War of 1812: American troops are beaten at the Battle of Cryslers Farm August 30, 1813 - Napoleonic Wars: Coalition forces defeat the French at the Battle of Kulm March 27, 1814 - Creek War: Maj. Gen. Andrew Jackson wins the Battle of Horseshoe Bend March 30, 1814 - Napoleonic Wars: Paris falls to coalition forces April 6, 1814 - Napoleonic Wars: Napoleon abdicates and is exiled to Elba by the Treaty of Fontainebleau July 25, 1814 - War of 1812: American and British forces fight the Battle of Lundys Lane August 24, 1814 - War of 1812: After defeating American forces at the Battle of Bladensburg, British troops burn Washington, D.C. September 12-15, 1814 - War of 1812: British forces are defeated at the Battle of North Point and Fort McHenry December 24, 1814 - War of 1812: The Treaty of Ghent is signed, ending the war January 8, 1815 - War of 1812: Unaware that the war has ended, Gen. Andrew Jackson wins the Battle of New Orleans March 1, 1815 - Napoleonic Wars: Landing at Cannes, Napoleon returns to France beginning the Hundred Days after escaping from exile June 16, 1815 - Napoleonic Wars: Napoleon wins his final victory at the Battle of Ligny June 18, 1815 - Napoleonic Wars: Coalition forces led by the Duke of Wellington (Arthur Wellesley) defeat Napoleon at the Battle of Waterloo, ending the Napoleonic Wars August 7, 1819 - Wars of South American Independence: Gen. Simon Bolivar defeats Spanish forces in Colombia at the Battle of Boyaca March 17, 1821 - Greek War of Independence: The Maniots at Areopoli declare war on the Turks, beginning the Greek War of Independence 1825 - Java War: Fighting begins between the Javanese under Prince Diponegoro and Dutch colonial forces October 20, 1827 - Greek War of Independence: An allied fleet defeats the Ottomans at the Battle of Navarino 1830 - Java War: The conflict ends in a Dutch victory after Prince Diponegoro is captured April 5-August 27, 1832 - Blackhawk War: U.S. troops defeat an alliance of Native American forces in Illinois, Wisconsin, and Missouri October 2, 1835 - Texas Revolution: The war begins with a Texan victory at the Battle of Gonzales December 28, 1835 - Second Seminole War: Two companies of U.S. soldiers under Maj. Francis Dade are massacred by the Seminoles in the first action of the conflict March 6, 1836 - Texas Revolution: After 13 days of siege, the Alamo falls to Mexican forces March 27, 1839 - Texas Revolution: Texan prisoners of war are executed at the Goliad Massacre April 21, 1836 - Texas Revolution: The Texan army under Sam Houston defeats the Mexicans at the Battle of San Jacinto, winning independence for Texas December 28, 1836 - War of the Confederation: Chile declares war on the Peru-Bolivian Confederation, beginning the conflict December 1838 - First Afghan War: A British army unit under Gen. William Elphinstone marches into Afghanistan, starting the war August 23, 1839 - First Opium War: British forces capture Hong Kong in the opening days of the war August 25, 1839 - War of the Confederation: Following defeat at the Battle of Yungay, the Peru-Bolivian Confederation is dissolved, ending the war January 5, 1842 - First Afghan War: Elphinstones army is destroyed as it retreats from Kabul August 1842 - First Opium War: After winning a string of victories, the British force the Chinese to sign the Treaty of Nanjing January 28, 1846 - First Anglo-Sikh War: British forces defeat the Sikhs at the Battle of Aliwal April 24, 1846 - Mexican-American War: Mexican forces rout a small U.S. cavalry detachment in the Thornton Affair May 3-9, 1846 - Mexican-American War: American forces hold out during the Siege of Fort Texas May 8-9, 1846 - Mexican-American War: U.S. forces under Brig. Gen. Zachary Taylor defeat the Mexicans at the Battle of Palo Alto and the Battle of Resaca de la Palma February 22, 1847 - Mexican-American War: After capturing Monterrey, Taylor defeats Mexican Gen. Antonio Là ³pez de Santa Anna at the Battle of Buena Vista March 9-September 12, 1847 - Mexican-American War: Landing at Vera Cruz, U.S. forces led by Gen. Winfield Scott conduct a brilliant campaign and capture Mexico City, effectively ending the war April 18, 1847 - Mexican-American War: American troops win the Battle of Cerro Gordo August 19-20, 1847 - Mexican-American War: The Mexicans are routed at the Battle of Contreras August 20, 1847 - Mexican-American War: U.S. forces triumph at the Battle of Churubusco September 8, 1847 - Mexican American War: American forces win the Battle of Molino del Rey Septebmer 13, 1847 - Mexican-American War: U.S. troops capture Mexico City after the Battle of Chapultepec March 28, 1854 - Crimean War: Britain and France declare war on Russia in support of the Ottoman Empire September 20, 1854 - Crimean War: British and French forces win the Battle of Alma September 11, 1855 - Crimean War: After an 11-month siege, the Russian port of Sevastopol falls to British and French troops March 30, 1856 - Crimean War: The Treaty of Paris ends the conflict October 8, 1856 - Second Opium War: Chinese officials board the British ship Arrow, leading to the outbreak of hostilities October 6, 1860 - Second Opium War: Anglo-French forces capture Beijing, effectively ending the war April 12, 1861 - American Civil War: Confederate forces open fire on Fort Sumter, beginning the Civil War June 10, 1861 - American Civil War: Union troops are beaten at the Battle of Big Bethel July 21, 1861 - American Civil War: In the first major battle of the conflict, Union forces are defeated at Bull Run August 10, 1861 - American Civil War: Confederate forces win the Battle of Wilsons Creek August 28-29, 1861 - American Civil War: Union forces capture Hatteras Inlet during the Battle of Hatteras Inlet Batteries October 21, 1861 - American Civil War: Union troops are beaten at the Battle of Balls Bluff November 7, 1861 - American Civil War: Union and Confederate forces fight the inconclusive Battle of Belmont November 8, 1861 - American Civil War: Capt. Charles Wilkes removed two Confederate diplomats from RMS Trent, inciting the Trent Affair January 19, 1862 - American Civil War: Brig. Gen. George H. Thomas wins the Battle of Mill Springs February 6, 1862 - American Civil War: Union forces capture Fort Henry February 11-16, 1862 - American Civil War: Confederate forces are defeated at the Battle of Fort Donelson February 21, 1862 - American Civil War: Union forces are beaten at the Battle of Valverde March 7-8, 1862 - American Civil War: Union troops win the Battle of Pea Ridge March 9, 1862 - American Civil War: USS Monitor fights CSS Virginia in the first battle between ironclads March 23, 1862 - American Civil War: Confederate troops are defeated at the First Battle of Kernstown March 26-28, 1862 - American Civil War: Union forces successfully defend New Mexico at the Battle of Glorieta Pass April 6-7, 1862 - American Civil War: Maj. Gen. Ulysses S. Grant is surprised, but wins the Battle of Shiloh April 5-May 4, 1862 - American Civil War: Union troops conduct the Siege of Yorktown April 10-11, 1862 - American Civil War: Union forces capture Fort Pulaski April 12, 1862 - American Civil War: The Great Locomotive Chase takes place in northern Georgia April 25, 1862 - American Civil War: Flag Officer David G. Farragut captures New Orleans for the Union May 5, 1862 - American Civil War: The Battle of Williamsburg is fought during the Peninsula Campaign May 8, 1862 - American Civil War: Confederate and Union troops clash at the Battle of McDowell May 25, 1862 - American Civil War: Confederate troops win the First Battle of Winchester June 8, 1862 - American Civil War: Confederate forces win the Battle of Cross Keys in the  Shenandoah Valley June 9, 1862 - American Civil War: Union forces lose the Battle of Port Republic June 25, 1862-   American Civil War: Forces meet at the Battle of Oak Grove June 26, 1862 - American Civil War: Union troops win the Battle of Beaver Dam Creek (Mechanicsville) June 27, 1862 - American Civil War: Confederate forces overwhelm the Union V Corps at the Battle of Gaines Mill June 29, 1862 - American Civil War: Union troops fight the inconclusive Battle of Savages Station June 30, 1862 - American Civil War: Union forces hold at the Battle of Glendale (Fraysers Farm) July 1, 1862 - American Civil War: The Seven Days Battles ends  with a Union victory at the Battle of Malvern Hill August 9, 1862 - American Civil War: Maj. Gen. Nathaniel Banks is defeated at the Battle of Cedar Mountain August 28-30, 1862 - American Civil War: Gen. Robert E. Lee wins a stunning victory at the Second Battle of Manassas September 1, 1862 - American Civil War: Union and Confederate forces fight the Battle of Chantilly September 12-15, 1862 - American Civil War: Confederate troops win the Battle of Harpers Ferry September 15, 1862 - American Civil War: Union forces triumph at the Battle of South Mountain September 17, 1862 - American Civil War: Union forces win a strategic victory at the Battle of Antietam September 19, 1862 - American Civil War: Confederate forces are beaten at the Battle of Iuka October 3-4, 1862 - American Civil War: Union forces hold at the Second Battle of Corinth October 8, 1862 - American Civil War: Union and Confederate forces clash in Kentucky at the Battle of Perryville December 7, 1862 - American Civil War: Armies fight the Battle of Prairie Grove in Arkansas December 13, 1862 - American Civil War: The Confederates win the Battle of Fredericksburg December 26-29, 1862 - American Civil War: Union forces are held at the Battle of Chickasaw Bayou December 31, 1862-January 2, 1863 - American Civil War: Union and Confederate forces clash at the Battle of Stones River May 1-6, 1863 - American Civil War: Confederate forces win a stunning victory at the Battle of Chancellorsville May 12, 1863 - American Civil War: Confederate forces are beaten at the Battle of Raymond during the Vicksburg Campaign May 16, 1863 - American Civil War: Union forces win a key victory at the Battle of Champion Hill May 17, 1863 - American Civil War: Confederate forces are beaten at the Battle of Big Black River Bridge May 18-July 4, 1863 - American Civil War: Union troops conduct the Siege of Vicksburg May 21-July 9, 1863 - American Civil War: Union troops under Maj. Gen. Nathaniel Banks conduct the Siege of Port Hudson June 9, 1863 - American Civil War: Cavalry forces fight the Battle of Brandy Station July 1-3, 1863 - American Civil War: Union forces under Maj. Gen. George G. Meade win the Battle of Gettysburg and turn the tide in the East

Digital Marketing Aspects of Musclefood Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Digital Marketing Aspects of Musclefood - Essay Example However, getting engaged in digital marketing techniques includes factors related with the technological compatibility of the firm and the ability of the digital platform to fulfil the organizational as well as consumer needs. This report will focus on designing the digital marketing aspects of Musclefood for improving their marketing techniques. The existing website of Musclefood has been designed by focusing only on the product and service base of the company meanwhile elements such as company information, sustainability policies, business partners, etc has been highlighted in blind spots. The company has a policy of visual content which can be seen by the limited words used for describing the content and navigation of the webpage. It was also evaluated that some subjects such as the customer feedback and deals sections are taking too much space. Although the website included interactivity but it was limited to only few portions such as the primary promotional belt of the webpage. In addition, multiple tabs have been given for highlighting various product segments, which has clamped the webpage. The praiseworthy aspect of the existing web page is the navigational system. All the tabs have automated dropdown boxes, which can easily help the customers in understanding the structure of the webpage. The above given diagram highlights the changes made in the website of Musclefood for improving the visualisation, interaction and navigation system of the website. The structure of the website has been altered in order to include more elements regarding the product and service structure of the company. It was noted that Musclefood tries to enhance their customer offerings by engaging in related diversification of their service and product base. Â   Â  

Food Fortification with Vitamins and Minerals Essay

Food Fortification with Vitamins and Minerals - Essay Example Vitamins help fortify the body's walls against the attacks from viruses, bacteria and other health dangers. In terms of minerals, the body needs a the minimum of 200mg daily reference daily intake(RDI) of Calcium (He), Magnesium and Potassium. And, the body also needs other trace elements of less than 200mg daily reference daily intake of copper, zinc and iron (Francis). Vitamin D is a very popular and much needed vitamin. The following paragraphs explains the history, progress and the current situation of vitamins that have been included to fortify food products like milk and others. It had been discovered that the human body needs minimum daily requirements of both vitamins and minerals. The more popular vitamins that have been fortified in food are A, B -complex, D, E, and C. Vitamins increase the body's defense mechanism against the onslaught of beriberi, anemia and scurvy and other vitamin deficiency diseases (Fennema). Vitamins are substances that are needed by the body to maintain normal body metabolism, regulation of cell function, growth and development (Mitchell). And, vitamins are classified as organic elements which means that they have carbon components in them. Also, vitamins are the catalysts of the human body. Clearly, the human body cannot produce its own vitamins and must get them from organic substances found in plants and animals. Today, we can swallow vitamins that have been processed and sold in drugstores. Vitamins help in the fast and high quality formation of human bones and tissues. Vitamins also increase the energy and vitality of a person. Further, Vitamins help fix nutritional deficiencies. Unfortunately, it is believed that vitamins do not reverse cancer and other diseases. Vitamins are more effective in the preventive and not curative means. Currently, studies are continuing on the different aspects of vitamins and minerals. Vitamin AVitamin A can be found in large amounts in carrots. This vitamin is also known as beta carotene. Vitamin A is a fat soluble and is needed by the body to combat against night blindness, corneal drying or xerosis, corneal degeneration, triangular eye spots, impaired immunity and hypokeratosis and the softening of the eyes' cornea (Goldstein, M., Goldstein, M., ). Also, Crude palm oil is the world's richest source of beta carotene or Vitamin A. Lastly, Vitamin aids in the body's anti oxidation process to slow the effects of a person's growing old process. Vitamins can be found fortifying such foods as margarine, sugar, fats and oils, milk, spice mix and instant noodles. Adversely, foods fortified with Vitamin A cause the vitamin to disintegrate if the food's moisture content overshoots the dangerous seven percent mark. Also, reheating the food reduces the Vitamin A in the food. Furthermore, Vitamin A fortifies milk and dairy products like cheese and margarine as well as food ce reals in some developing countries. The standard fortification of Vitamin A in food is six mg beta carotene for every one mg of retinol. Vitamin fortification in sugar had been a success in Guatemala (Bauernfeind, J., Arroyave, G.,). For, Monodosium Glutamate was discovered to be good connecting link to Vitamin A in the Philippines (Solon et al.,) and Indonesia. Furthermore, Also, Vitamin fortifica

Japan Recession Essay examples -- essays papers

Japan Recession Thomas Paine was born on January 29, 1737 at Thetford, Norfolk in England, as a son of a Quaker. In 1774, he met Benjamin Franklin in London, who advised him to immigrate to America, giving him letters of recommendation. Paine reached Philadelphia on November 30, 1774 where he started over as a publicist. He wrote many articles that touched on various topics. On January 10, 1776 Thomas Paine grouped his ideas on American independence in his pamphlet â€Å"Common Sense.† I think Thomas Paine’s â€Å"Common Sense† had a significant influence on the separation from England. I believe Paine thought the Colonies had all the right to revolt against a government that imposed taxes on them but didn’t give them the right of representation in the Parliament at Westminster. Thomas believed there was no reason for the Colonies to stay dependent on England. I think Thomas Paine had an incredible way of persuading people to take action through his writing. In his â€Å"Common Sense,† Paine states that sooner or later independence from England must come, because America had lost touch with the mother country. In his words, all the arguments for separation of England are based on nothing more than simple facts, plain arguments and common sense. Paine viewed government as necessary evil that could only become safe when it was represented and altered by frequent elections. Paine also states that the function of government in society o ught to be only regulating and as simple as...

Freedom of speech from the perspective of mass media, to what extend it has been practiced in Malaysia? Essay

Introduction Mass media are means of communications (as newspapers, radio, or television) that is designed to reach the mass of the people1. Besides playing the role to inform individual with news, the media together with a sound legal system and an independent judiciary is part of a triumvirate that is essential for a well-functioning democracy2. In a democratic system of government, mass media is performing a number of essential functions. First, they serve on information or surveillance function. Second, they serve an agenda-setting and interpretation function. Third, they help us to create and maintain connections with various groups in society. Fourth, they help us to socialize and to educate us. Fifth, they persuade us to buy certain items or accept certain ideas. Sixth, they entertain us. Freedom is the power or right to act, speak or think freely. We are now living a media culture and its influence is become very pervasive. The number of hours we spend on the media is mind-boggling. Although the freedom of the media should not be in toto, yet the degree of the freedom of the media will affect the function of the media. Citizens of countries that are democratic see media freedom as a right, not a privilege. Nevertheless, there is no mention of freedom of the press or freedom of the electronic media in our Constitution. However, freedom of media to exercise its role and functions in society has been enshrined as a fundamental human right by way of recognition for the right to freedom of speech, expression and opinion.3 Pre-independence In 1930-1940, there are nearly 80 newspaper and magazines published in the Malay State, such as Utusan Melayu, Saudara, Warta Malaya and Majlis. In Warta Malaya, it published article that talk about the social and economic problems faced by the Malay. However, it did not ask for the British to be chased out. The newspaper, Majlis, discussed the political issues. Majlis not only brings to the awakening and fights for Malays right, their office became the place for the nationalist to meet up and exchange their thoughts. In the newspapers Saudara, there was a column named ‘Persaudaraan Sahabat Pena’ where the Malay readers exchanged their point of view. British was worried on the development of this column and therefore took the step to  overseen those who involved in the said column. In view of the number of publications that existed during the time and the situation whereby those newspapers are free to discussed any issues, and the fact that the newspapers has played a vital role in the movement towards independence, we can conclude that under the administration of British, the media was enjoying the freedom of speech. The law on the freedom of speech became clearer during the time prior to independence. Certain law has been introduced to the Malay State. One of the laws which governed the freedom of speech at that time was the Sedition Act 1948. Section 4 of the Act makes it an offence to make, prepare, or to conspire, to do a seditions act, to utter seditious words, and to propagate or import any seditious publications. Section 3 provides that a seditious tendency is one which tends to (a) bring hatred or contempt to the government or excite disaffection against any Ruler or government, (b) excite the countrymen to revolt, (c) bring into hatred or contempt or excites disaffection against administration of justice, (d) raise discontent or disaffection among the countrymen, or (e) promote feelings of ill-will and hostility amongst the inhabitants of the country. Besides, there were two ordinances specifically deal with the printed media at that time, i.e. Printing Press Act 1948 (Ord 12 of 1948) and Control of Imported Publications Act 1958 (Ord 14 of 1955). The former deal with the publisher in the Malay State while the later governing the printed material from other country. Those laws were limiting freedom of speech of the media at the British colonial the light of the freedom of speech only shine at the colonial since 1956, when an attempt to draft a Federal Constitution started. The recommendations were submitted by Reid Commission in 1956-1957 Reports. In the report, there were two paragraphs provides under the title ‘Fundamental Rights’ 161. A Federal Constitution defines and guarantees the right of the Federation and the states; it is usual and in our opinion right that it should also define and guarantee certain fundamental individual right which  are generally regarded as essential conditions for a free and democratic way of life. The rights which are recommend should be defined and guaranteed are all firmly established now throughout Malaysia and it may seen unnecessary to give them special protection in the Constitution. But we found in certain quarters vague apprehension about the future. We believe such apprehensions to be unfound, but there can be no objection to guaranteeing these rights subject to limited exceptions in conditions of emergency and we recommend that this should be done†¦.. 162. our recommendations afford means of redress, readily available to any individual, against unlawful infringements of personal liberty in any of its aspects†¦ we further recommend (Art 10) that freedom of speech and expression should be guaranteed to all citizens subject to restrictions in the interest of security, public order or morality or in relation to incitement, defamation or contempt of court†¦ For the Malaysian citizen, the objectives of those who framed the Federal Constitution were but little affected by the epidemic of human rights in the Western world4. It has been observed that the commission’s recommendation on the freedom of speech has been vague, particularly on the importance of the rights. The commission only devoted two paragraphs. The reason why it was so was clear in the paragraph itself. The draft Article 10 in our Constitution was as follow: 10 (1) every citizen shall have the right to freedom of speech and expression, subject to any reasonable restriction imposed by federal law in the interest of the security of the Federation, friendly relations with other countries, public order, or morality, or in relation to contempt of court, defamation, or incitement to any offence. Mr. Justice Abdul Hamid on his note of dissent stated that â€Å"the word ‘reasonable’ wherever it occurs before the word ‘restrictions’ in the three sub-clauses of Article 10 should be omitted. Right to freedom of speech, assembly, and association has been guaranteed subject to restrictions which may be imposed in the interest of security of the country, public order and morality. If the Legislature imposes any restrictions in the interest of the aforesaid matters, considering those restrictions to be reasonable, that legislation should not be challengeable in a court of law on the ground that the restrictions are not reasonable. The Legislature alone should be the judge of what is  reasonable under the circumstances. If the word ‘reasonable’ is allowed to stand, every legislation on this subject will be challengeable in court on the ground that the restrictions imposed by the legislature are not reasonable. This will in many cases give rise to conflict between the views of Legislature and the views of the court on the reasonableness of the restrictions. To avoid a situation like that it is better to make the Legislature the judge of the reasonableness of the restrictions. If this is not done the legislatures of the country will not be sure of the state of the law which they will enact. There will always be fear that the court may hold the restrictions imposed by it to be unreasonable. The laws would be lacking in certainty.† Later, when the Constitution comes into force, the Article 10 provides that: (1) subject to clause (2): (a) Every citizen has the right to freedom of speech and expression; (2) Parliament may by law impose: – (a) on the rights conferred by paragraph (a) of clause (1), such restrictions as it deems necessary or expedient in the interest of the security of the Federation, friendly relations with other countries, public order or morality and restrictions designed to protect the privileges of Parliament or of any legislative Assembly or to provide against contempt of courts, defamation, or incitement to any offence; There are one case regarding to press reported prior to independence i.e. Public Prosecutor v. The Straits Times Press Ltd5 In this case, upon the application of the Public Prosecutor, the Respondents, who are the proprietors of the Straits Times Press Ltd, were alleged contempt in publishing a report of the trial of Tan Seng Ann of the Straits Times dated 5 August 1948. The report appeared which, it is now admitted, was misleading and inaccurate in that it gave the impression, contrary to the facts, that the first step in the proceedings in that case was a voluntary confession by Tan Seng Ann that he was in possession of a fire-arm and that his arrest was made solely as the result of such voluntary confession in the issue. The Notice of Motion having set out the terms of the letter complained of went on to allege inter alia that the criminal case referred to in the letter was sub judice when the letter was published in that an appeal was pending; that the terms of the letter did not constitute a fair or accurate account of the trial nor fair comment  thereon; and that its publication tended to prejudice the fair disposal of the proceedings and tended to bring into contempt the administration of justice by that Court. Spenser-Wilkinson J held that: â€Å"†¦I would hesitate to follow too closely the decisions of English Courts on this subject without first considering whether the relevant conditions in England and this country are at all similar. Quite apart from the present emergency in this country, I do not think it could be suggested that the development of the Press, the general standard of education or the composition of the general public in the two countries are at all comparable and it may, therefore, be necessary to take a stricter view here of matters which pertain to the dignity of the Courts and the impartial administration of justice than would be taken at the present time in England.† Newly Independence (1957-1980) At this period, Art 10 Federal Constitution has been amended twice. The first amendment was on 19636 where the words ‘Clause (2) and (3)’ had been substituted for the words ‘clause (2)’ of clause (1) with effect from 16 September 1963.and the words ‘or any part thereof’ were added to the Art10(2)(a). Further, clause (3) which provides that: â€Å"Restrictions on the right to form a associations conferred by paragraph (c) of clause (1) may also be imposed by any law relating to labour or education.† The second amendment was made on 19717 after considering the trouble of May 1969. This time, Clause (4) was added with effect from 10 March 1971. Article 10(4) provides that Parliament may pass laws prohibiting the questioning of four sensitive matters: right to citizenship under Part III of the Constitution; status of the Malay language; position and privileges of the Malays and the native of Sabah and Sarawak; and prerogatives of the Malay Sultans and the Ruling Chiefs of Negeri Sembilan. The constitutional changes enable Parliament to amend the Sedition Act of 1948 in order to add a new definition of ‘seditious tendency’8. The amended sections were: Section 3 (1) A seditious tendency is a tendency (f) To question any matter, right, status, position, privilege, sovereignty or prerogative established or protected by the provisions of Part III of the Federal Constitution or Article 152, 153 or 181 of the Federal Constitution Section 2 â€Å"seditious† when applied to or used in respect of any act, speech, words, publication or other thing qualifies the act, speech, words, publication or other thing as one having a seditious tendency; Official Secrets Act 1972 is a new law that be introduced at that time. This is the most important statute on government secrecy. The gist of the law is that ‘official secrets’ cannot be received, retained, released or used without prior authorization.9 The Act is drafted in the widest possible terms and is not limited in its operation to spies, saboteurs, traitors and mercenaries. The term ‘official secret’ is not defined in the Act. The courts have given the term the broadest possible definition, and on the generally accepted construction any communication pertaining to the Executive would constitute an offence.10 The right to free speech can be further eclipsed by the special provisions of Art 149 and 150 relating to subversion and emergency. Art 149 authorises legislative action designed to stop or prevent subversion, organized violence and crimes prejudicial to the public. Art 150 permits any legislative action required by reason of emergency. The grounds enumerated above permitting curtailment of free speech are so broad and comprehensive that in 49 years no Act of parliament even been found by the courts to have violated the Constitution. Besides printed media, television was introduced in Malaysia in 1963. The television was under the control of the Department of Broadcasting (RTM). What is apparent is that television and more generally broadcasting in Malaysia was form its inception closely aligned to the government. Both the RTM channel were established via decisions made by the then Alliance coalition government. Because of the circumstances at that time, there was no any specifics rule to govern the broadcasting. One of the cases that being heard at that time was Melan bin Abdullah v Public Prosecutor.11 The fact of the case was that On 6 April 1971 the Utusan Melaya newspaper published a report of a talk given by given by Inche Musa Hitam, a prominent Malay leader and member of Parliament, at the National Education Congress held in the Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka, Kuala Lumpur.. In the report was an editorial sub-heading, which in the English translation reads: â€Å"Abolish Tamil or Chinese medium schools in this country.† The first appellant was the editor-in-chief of the Utusan Melayu,  and the second appellant the author of the sub-heading inserted in the report. Sanction for their prosecution was given under s 5(1) of the Sedition Act 1948, and they were tried in due course in the special sessions court on a charge of publishing a seditious publication in contravention of s 4(1)(C) of the Sedition Act, punishable under the same section. The learned special president held the publication to be seditious, that the first appellant â€Å"was responsible for all publication in the Utusan Melayu†, that the second appellant was the author of the impugned subheading, and that consequently they were both guilty. They were convicted and fined the sum of $500 and $1,000 respectively, in default one month and two months’ imprisonment, both appellant appealed. CJ Ong, on hearing of the appeal accepted the first appellant evidence that he had organised seminars and discussions, relating in particular to the â€Å"sensitive issues† and had instructed his staff on the relevant law as he understood it. He had sponsored a talk to journalists given on this subject in February 1971 by the Attorney General as well as the Solicitor-General. Therefore, the first respondent appeal was allowed. But the court dismissed the second respondent appeal. Another case is Public Prosecutor v Straits Times (Malaya) Bhd.12 The Public Prosecutor applied in this case for leave to issue a writ or writs of attachment for contempt of court on the respondents for publication of articles in The Straits Times. The grounds upon which relief was sought was that â€Å"the publications of the said articles contain matters which are tendentious and constitute contempt of court, because they are prejudicing and embarrassing the applicant in the exercise of his statutory functions and also prejudicing a fair trial concerning the circumstances of the death of one Robert Lee.† Abdul Hamid J held that: ‘I do not think that it is reasonable to construe these words as having any special meaning. There is no dispute that the reports do reveal that there had been an assault, a commotion and firing of a shot and that allegedly, a police officer was involved. But these facts are not challenged. As regards the previous episode encountered by Robert Lee there is nothing to show that this was not true. Further it is not uncommon for newspapers to publish matters concerning scholastic achievement of and other good deeds rendered by a person on his death particularly if  the dead person enjoys a certain standing in the community or he is in one way or another related to any prominent personality. For that reason it is unreasonable to isolate certain passages from the reports and construe them unfavourably or to impute improper motive on the publisher. What may appear to be an embarrassment or prejudicial if that part is read in isolation may not be so if the reports are read as a whole taking into account the circumstances surrounding such publication particularly if it relates to a matter which will promote public sensation or a matter of unusual occurrence.† The application was therefore dismissed. Malaysia under Tun Dr. Mahathir (1981-2002) Over this period, more laws are introduced and come into force to govern the media. In 1984, Printing Presses and Publications Act came into force on the 1st of September 1984 as a consolidating Act, and in turn repealed the Printing Presses Act 1948 and the Control of Imported Publications Act 1958. The Act is designed ‘to regulate the use of printing, presses and the printing, importation, production, reproduction, publishing and distribution of publications and for matters connected there with’. Through such control, the government uses it power to determine what it is the public has a right to know, or exactly what form freedom of speech should take13. This is an Act designed clearly to ensure that the press does not get out of line, imposes both a system of licensing and censorship14. Section 3 of the Act makes it mandatory to obtain a license to own a printing press. The Minister has absolute discretion on giving, refusing, and revoking a license15. Further, judicial review of the Minister’s discretion is not allowed16 and the Minister is not required to give the parties a prior hearing 17. The period of the license is 12 months or shorter period as minister specifies18. This means that all publishers in this country must suffer the pangs of uncertainty about whether their permit will be renewed for the following year. There is less control of what may be written in foreign publications, controls have been exercised through deliberate delay in distribution and sometimes outright ban on their sale where officials deemed reports to be offensive or inaccurate19. In 1988, another law governing the media came into force on 1st August i.e. The Broadcasting Act 1988. The preamble to the Act states: ‘An act to provide for the control of  broadcasting services and for matters connected therewith’. The Act is both stringent and inflexible. It bestows enormous powers on the government to determine the type of television made available to the Malaysian public. In the midst of the supposed ‘deregulation’ of broadcasting, the Act now gives the Minister of Information virtually total powers to determine who will and who will not broadcast and the nature of the broadcast material. Under the Act, any potential broadcaster would need to apply for a licence from the minister beforehand. Later, the Act was amended on October 1996. By the amendment, this already-stringent piece of legislation were aimed at taking into account the introduction of new services, such as cable and satellite television, satellite radio, pay TV and video-on demand. Due to the drastic development in the electronic media, the Legislature has to repeal the old Telecommunication Act 1950 and the Broadcasting Act 1988 and introduced a new law which is the Communications and Multimedia Act 1998. The Act’s breakthrough was to bring together the previously disparate industries of broadcasting, telecommunications and internet services combined under legislation and more importantly, one regulator the Communications and Multimedia commission.20 The Communication and Multimedia Act brings to the creation of Communication and Multimedia Commission Act 1998. the Communication and Multimedia Commission performing several functions including advising the Minister all matters concerning the national policy objectives for communication and multimedia activities and implementing and enforcing the provisions of the communications and multimedia law. Interestingly, Information Malaysia 1980-81 and Information Malaysia 1985 revealed that between 1981 and 1985 alone, the number of titles of local newspapers, magazines, and journals in circulation increased from 56 to 10221. However, the increase in number cannot be the proof supporting the allegation that during that time, the media was enjoying freedom of speech. There are some facts that we should not forget. In 1987, during the Operasi Lalang, a number of newspapers were closed by the government22. Later, Harakah being categorizes as publications of political parties meant for party members and there is law forbids the publication being openly sold to the public. Besides, Barisan Nasional owned and controlled major Malaysian media organization. Further, prior to Dato Seri Anwar’s sacking, expulsion, and detention, the editor of Utusan Malaysia and Berita Harian, and the  director of operations of TV3 were forced to resign because they were allied to Anwar. In 1990, there was a case of Aliran Kesedaran23 In this case, the respondents had applied for a permit under s 6(1) of the Printing Presses and Publications Act 1984 to print and publish in Bahasa Malaysia a magazine under the name and style of Seruan Aliran. The application was refused by the Minister of Home Affairs. The respondents applied for an order of certiorari to remove into the High Court for the purpose of quashing the decision of the Minister and for an order of mandamus directing the Minister to hear and determine the application for the permit according to law. The High Court made an order quashing the decision of the Minister and ordered that the Minister shall hear and determine according to law the application for the permit. The appellant appealed. The court allowing the appeal and held that; ‘Section 12(2) of the Printing Presses and Publications Act 1984 gives the Minister of Home Affairs ‘absolute discretion to refuse an application for a license or permit’. So unless it can be clearly established that the Minister for Home Affairs had in any way exercised his discretion wrongfully, unfairly, dishonestly or in bad faith, the High Court cannot question the discretion of the Minister.† One of the significant cases during this period was the case of Irene Fernandez. The facts were that in 1995, Tenaganita released a report documenting beatings, sexual violence against detainees by prison guards, and inadequate food and water in Malaysia’s immigration detention camp. Irene Fernandez was arrested and charged with malicious publication of false news under the Printing Presses and Publications Act. Magistrate Juliana Mohamed found Irene guilty and was sentence to one year imprison. Current Situation (2003-2006) Between these periods of time, there is no any new law designed to control the media. However, recently, Government has released the Media Council Bill (2006) which seeks to ameliorate some of the worst excess of the Printing Presses and Publications Act in regard to the local media. On page 4 of the Bill, it was stated: â€Å"An Act to establish the Malaysian Press Council for the purpose of preserving, promoting and protecting the freedom of the Press, of maintaining and improving the ethical and professional journalistic standards of newspapers, press publications and news/press  agencies in Malaysia.† Nevertheless, there is fear in public that this piece of legislation will create another unnecessary public body with wide powers to curb press freedom despite its apparent duty to uphold that right. It might also act as a censorship board, only dealing with complaints against the press organisations and journalists and not against denial of freedom of expression by other entities such as ministers or organisations whose actions effectively suppress the right of freedom of expression. Besides, bear in mind that all the laws governing the media before this are still firmly in place and the main stream media also continue to be owned by interests directly or indirectly tied to the main component parties of the BN, especially UMNO and MCA. Some incidents happened during this time of period, showing to us that despite of the changes of the head of the Government, the media are not freer compared to the years before. The government shut down the Sarawak tribune for the editors made a mistake of reprinting caricatures of Prophet Muhammad following Muslim protests of a Danish paper that first published them. Another incident was that the Minister of Information, Datuk Zainuddin had sought the sacking of top NST editor at a meeting of UMNO’s information bureau because he was unhappy with the way the NST had played up certain issues such as the religious rights of minorities and the government’s policy on bumiputras.24 The government also delays in reviewing the publishing permit of the Oriental Daily and censor certain news that the government were not comfortable with. Moreover, the debate on Ninth Malaysia Plan was given wide publicity in the media, but it was the official view and rationale for the Plan that enjoyed one-sided coverage. The leader of the opposition who spoke foe six hours on the Plan did not get any substantive coverage.25 Another issue was that Tun Dr. Mahathir had called a press conference to express his deep disappointment after Datuk Seri Abdullah dismissed the ‘crooked bridge’ project. However, the mainstream media hardly covered it. Conclusions The freedom of the media has seen become more restrictive from the time prior to independence until now. At the early day, the British Colonial has a freer media compare to the media after independence. This might be because of the British regarded the individual freedom as up most important. When came to the early day after independence, the laws being designed were more restricted. However, this was understandable as the situation at that time, where Malaysia was in an Emergency. Unmindful speech might cause riot to the nation. Therefore, the government had to take step to prevent this. In 1970-1985, there was more cases on freedom of speech, after the stand of the courts are clear in these issues, there was lesser cases. During the time frame from 1981 to 2002, many laws were designed and many existing laws were amended. Tun Dr. Mahathir tried to justify this by saying that: ‘the truth is that there is no absolute press freedom anywhere in the world, be it in a liberal democratic country or in countries governed by dictators.†26 He further claimed that journalists and foreigners read a few newspapers which support the government and immediately concluded that there is no press freedom in Malaysia. This was in conjunction with his view points that: â€Å"Malaysian newspapers are free. But this freedom does not mean freedom to criticize the government alone. It also means freedom to support the government.†27 Further in Tun Dr. Mahathir speech at the national union of Journalists dinner on 15th June 1990, he stated that: ‘According to an old English proverb, power corrupt and absolute power tends to corrupt absolutely. If there are restrictions on press freedom, especially pertaining to reports on violence, sex and obscenity, then they are imposed because no one should be given absolute power. This is to prevent the possibility of ‘absolute corruption’. This constraint no way suggests there is no press freedom in Malaysia. Government leaders in this country have no absolute power. The people can change the government while the courts can reverse government decisions. Therefore, newspapers in Malaysia must accept these restrictions. This is done in the national interest and not aimed at destroying press  freedom†. It is true that freedom of the media has to be limited but over limiting will only result to a closed society. Looking at the current situation, many are thinking that the new government would promote media freedom in view of the government transparency policy. However, one should bear in mind that since Datuk Seri Abdullah took over the government until today, it was only three years passed. It is unfair to judge him at this moment. Whether or not there is free media under Datuk Seri Abdullah, we shall wait and see. Comparing to our nearest neighbor, Singapore, media in Malaysia enjoy more freedom. Singapore as a police state, the press is mobilized to explain and support the policies of the Singapore government, as an aid to development rather than assuming a counter-checking posture. In Chee Siok Chin case28, the Singapore court held that: â€Å"it bears emphasis that the phrase ‘necessary or expedient’ confers on Parliament an extremely wide discretionary power and remit that permits a multifarious and multifaceted approach towards achieving any of the purposes specified in Art 14(2) of the constitution. In contrast to the Indian Constitution, there can be no questioning of whether the Legislations are ‘reasonable’. The court’s sole task, when a constitutional challenge is advanced, is to ascertain whether an impugned law is within the purview of any of the permissible restrictions.† As for electronic media, the media Corporation of Singapore, an evolution from a series of government owned broadcast Corporations, dominances the broadcasting media. The PAP government guards the broadcast turf with rigour, grudgingly allowing foreigner broadcasters to operate for commercial and public relations reasons but legislating them off local politics. Today, Malaysian society has an economic level of existence which provides for basic needs, health facilities, adequate housing and equal opportunities to education. Therefore, there is no reason why freedom of speech and free media should be restricted. Values of freedom of expression, exposure to  critical thinking and the importance of a civil society should be emphasizes. 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