Nicholas Fraser and Marysa Navarros biography Evita Essay Example

Nicholas Fraser and Marysa Navarros biography Evita Paper Nicholas Fraser and Marysa Navarros biography Evita is a cogent work that incorporates the childhood, acting career, political emergence, and subsequent adoration of the Argentine populace. Arguing that Evitas underprivileged childhood is the explanatory variable for her future actions, goals, and ambitions, the authors assert that Evita shou7ldered the burden of Argentinas poor workers, or descamisados, and by doing so, solidified the regime of her husband Juan Peron. Utilizing a thematic and chronological style, Fraser and Navarro clearly demonstrate that politically, socially, and economically Evita Maria Duarte de Peron strove her entire life to overcome the scarring poverty induced by her childhood and prevent others from suffering a similar fate. Evita was born on the featureless pampas in the hinterland of Argentina in 1919 a bastard child. Such a second marriage between her mother and an already married public servant were not unusual in the era,1 yet her father Juan Duartes return to his first family in a neighboring town impoverished mother dona Juana and her five illegitimate children. 2 Determining to abandon such a dismal life, and the unpromising future that poverty on the pampas entailed, Eva left her small town of Junin in 1935 to pursue a dream of becoming an actress when she was merely fifteen. Evita, even at this tender age, was ambitious, for she ad no money, little education, and no proven talents, but she wanted to conquer the city and be a star. 3 Experiencing little success, Evita scraped by as a mediocre actress in theatre, radio soap operas, and even starred ina few motion pictures until her star crossed with that of Juan Peron, an up and coming military officer in the military government that had ousted civilian rule in 1943. They met during a fundraiser for the destitute families of an Andean earth quake that had rocked the western city of San Juan, and she shortly thereafter became his mistress. We will write a custom essay sample on Nicholas Fraser and Marysa Navarros biography Evita specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Nicholas Fraser and Marysa Navarros biography Evita specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Nicholas Fraser and Marysa Navarros biography Evita specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Again demonstrating her resolve and desire to make something of herself, Evita had merely loaded up a truck with her own possessions, took them to Perons apartment, and told the girl who was living with the colonel to leave. 4 Again and again, as the authors demonstrate, Evita sought to alter her prescribed position in the social strata of Argentina. So, as it was, for the first year and a half of their life together Peron and Evita lived not as collaborators, but as colonel and mistress,5 which was not an approved action by Perons military contacts. This unsavory relationship contributed Evita to become a liability, both militarily and politically, and even led to Perons brief imprisonment by the Navy in 1945. However, the authors point out that, even at this early stage of Peronism, Evita was becoming an integral part of Perons propaganda machine, using the experience and contacts garnered through radio to slant the medias portrayal of events in a favorable light towards her lover. 6 When Peron and Evita emerged victorious overlooking the crowd of shirtless working-class supporters in the Plaza de Mayo in 1945, Evita achieved the dream of shedding her past. She was soon married to Peron (for no Argentinean head of state had ever blatantly lived with a mistress), president of one of the richest nations that arose out of the ashes of the Second World War. Evita even doctored her birth and marriage certificates to hide her illegitimacy, thus fully transforming herself from rags to riches. She consciously wore extravagant jewelry and clothing in an effort to convey this image. As the woman once said to a critic, Look, they want to see me beautiful. Poor people dont want someone to protect them who is old and dowdy. They all have their dreams about me and I dont want to let them down. 8 Evita took this personal belief even further by using her influence with Peron and his new labor party to help out the destitute. After returning from a highly publicized tour of Europ e (further signifying her socio-economic transformation), Evita began to take a greater interest in the politic of her husbands regime. Actively seeking to become the Bridge of Love between Peron and his constituency, she established the Eva Peron Foundation, funded by the government, to aid the destitute. 9 It is the role that she had the most lasting political influence, for the system of patronage that Evita established continually delivered the working class vote to Peron. By virtually forcing unions to donate gifts to her foundation, Evita gained a considerable amount of capital for her social programs an estimated 200 million (USD) in 1973. In fact, giving was so widespread that it had to be viewed as an alternative form of taxation. 10 Some of this money was given as direct aid to those that wrote her and came to her office,11 some for basic necessities like shoes and pots,12 and some was used for ambitious projects like nursing homes and primary schools in Buenos Airess poorest barrios. 13 However, all were used to further the political career of Peron, even though Evita was genuinely concerned about the welfare of the masses. For example, Perons image was on each wall of every hospital or home built by the Foundation. 4 Yet the results were undeniable, for many citizens entered what Fraser and Navarro deemed the New Argentina through these ambitious programs. Through a personal desire to eradicate poverty based on her own childhood circumstances, Eva became the integral link between unions, the masses and Peron, and was thus just as integral to Peronism as Peron himself. Evita Perons life and political ambitions of becoming vice president were cut short, however, in 1952 by cancer of the uterus. Millions idolized their beloved Evita and her death even spurred one union to lobby Rome for her canonization. 5 There is much strength in Fraser and Navarros book, one being the relative objective stance taken by the authors. Making not drastic claims about their subject, the authors avoided both the deification and vilification of the women. They accurately portray Evita as a multi-faceted person who struggled with her past, was mesianically devoted to her husband, yet also erred, completely recreating her past and blatantly lying in her autobiography. Fraser and Navarro do not choose sides in the sinner/saint debate, but merely distill the myth s from the truths. For example, the authors carefully noted that Evita, during her acting career, had on one rare occasion slept with the producer to obtain a role. 16 But she became quite successful by 1939 out of hard work and establishing connections at the office of a movie magazine, not by becoming a putita. 17 Another example of the authors carefully weighing of the historical evidence is the books treatment of her slow demise. Evitas increasingly disjointed public utterances toward the end of her life were not a call for the use of political violence as some critics claim, but merely because of the pain induced by her cancer. 8 Fraser and Navarro do not merely produce a one-sided, polarized debate on the life of Evita, but a nuanced, balanced, and accurate portrayal of her rise to international fame. Additionally, the authors sustain their argument from the introduction to the epilogue. Although each chapter deals with a specific theme or era in the life of Evita, all address the womans desire t o change her social status. Not only do the authors construct a cogent argument about the life of Evita, but also give the reader a holistic picture of post-World War Two Argentina. Through the protagonist, her husband, descriptions of the international political setting, Argentinas ISI economic model, and the class and political alliances developed during Peronism, all facets of Argentine society are addressed. The life of Evita is admirably not portrayed in an economic, political, or sociological vacuum. Another laudable feature of the biography is the style. The diction is easily understood and is not packed with convoluted academic jargon that leads to confusion (most likely due to Frasers journalistic background). The authors are direct, clear, and animated. For example, the aforementioned quote concerning Evitas Cinderella portrayal paints a vivid portrait in the readers mind of the womans determination to transform herself. Additionally, the assigning of individual chapters specific categories (such as wife of the President or the gift of giving) creates a work that allows the reader to focus on one issue at a time and thus understand the isolated chronology of her childhood, struggles in Buenos Aires, and political contributions that does not sacrifice the readers perception of historical time. Other features of the book aid the reader, namely the addition of an index, illustrations, and a concise bibliography for those interested in a more in depth study of the subject. Perhaps the greatest asset of the work is Fraser and Navarros use of sources. They use first hand accounts like priests conversations with Evita, newspaper articles of the era, personal interviews conducted by the authors, and original documents written by Evita and Juan Peron. In short, the reader can be assured that Evita is a reliable and scholarly work. The authors took great pains to be thorough and researched many different kinds of sources. The book is not without its flaws however. In my opinion, the authors treatment of the worlds reaction to Evita, particularly that of other Latin American nations, was neglected. Although it may be beyond the scope of the biography, it would have been useful to compare Evita with other Latin American women who achieved considerable political power or who were involved with mass movements. It would have also been useful for Navarro and Fraser to further develop Evitas personal life beyond extreme devotion to Peron, for they merely state: she was perpetually on guard on Perons behalf19 and that she was loyal to him because she loved him. The biography does not deal with, save the character of Lilian, any of Evitas relationships besides that of her husband. Interaction with her family, confidants, and inner circle of friends are largely ignored. However, the aforementioned criticisms do not detract from the quality of this biography. It is an intriguing work that should be read by all those interested in Latin American history. It is a stellar academic source of Eva Peron that has separated out the truth from the myth and accurately depicts Argentine society in the mid twentieth century.

The Miranda Debate Essays - Eminent Domain, Free Essays, Term Papers

The Miranda Debate Essays - Eminent Domain, Free Essays, Term Papers The Miranda Debate The Miranda Debate Miranda is one of the best-known cases in the history of the Supreme Court. It represents the Court's determination to treat even the lowliest of criminals with the same dignity and respect as the wealthiest celebrity. This case established the Fifth Amendment right of the accused to be informed of their right to counsel and their right not to answer questions. In The Ethical and Policy Debate Regarding Miranda, Section II questions: First, can Mirandas approach to regulating the interrogation process be justified as a reading of the Fifth Amendment, on either constitutional or policy grounds?.. In summarizing this question, there are several considerations supporting the recommendation that the Miranda should be overruled. First, if the Miranda is continued, it violates the constitutional separation of powers and basic principles of federalism. In its current state, it sets a code of procedure for interrogations based on fictions and arguments. Secondly, Miranda impairs the ability of the Government to protect the public by impeding the prosecution of crime. Using the Miranda reduces the willingness of suspects to respond to police questioning. In most criminal cases, the defendants statements are necessary in prosecution, without these statements, criminals can go free. Third, the Miranda is damaging to public confidence, as well as, resulting in injustices to crime victims. It can result in cases where known criminals are released and the victims of these crimes can go through years of pain and insecurity. The Miranda system has handcuffed the judicial system and not allowed a better way of dealing with criminals to be implemented. In my opinion, the Miranda would be unnecessary as long as we abide by the Fifth Amendment rules. Second, what would replace Miranda if it were overruled? It is recommended that the department of justice develop a set of rules or guidelines that carry out interrogations and implement these rules with the renewal of a litigation challenge to Miranda. It is suggested that interrogations be video taped or recorded. The desire for additional guidelines restricting and prohibiting deceptive practices during interrogation should be implemented. Abolishing the Miranda would open the way for comprehensive consideration of pretrial interrogation and related areas of self-incrimination. Third, if Miranda is not overruled, can it be improved and, if so, in what ways?... In The Report to the Attorney General, in chapter 7, states: There are several considerations supporting the recommendation that we should see to have Miranda overruled. Its quoted that We have at our disposal a uniquely set of circumstancesseveral resent decisions by the Supreme Court holding in effect, that Miranda is unsound in principle and a statute 18 U.S.C. 3501, that is specifically designed to overrule it. It is difficult to see how we could fail in making our case. In my opinion, we should go back to following the Fifth Amendment instead of using Miranda as our guideline. Criminals should have the right to a fair trial, but law-abiding citizens should have a right to a feeling of security.

IT PROJECT Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

IT PROJECT - Essay Example In order to insure that the tennis club runs in a smooth fashion, and to insure that the business owner has minimal difficulties in the beginning and onward, it is fitting to recommend to the owner of this newly found business the technology that will be the best fit and demonstrate why this is the case, which is the sole objective of this report. The primary piece of technology that is highly recommended is a top notch computer that contains optimal specifications. The reason that such a piece of technology is recommended is that if a computer is top notch and has outstanding specifications, it will not only run quickly, which is important in today’s fast paced society, this computer will be able to run many tasks and peripherals all at one time. In a world where multitasking is common, this is very important. One such Computer that fits these requirements is the HP Pro 3010 small form factor PC. With an Intel ® Pentium ® Dual-Core E5300 Processor that runs at an ultra fast speed of 2.60 GHz, 3GB DDR2 RAM, and a 320GB Hard Drive, this computer will enable the business professional to not only complete tasks at the speed of lightening, but they will also be able to store large amounts of data without having to run out of disk space. This particular desktop PC comes with Windows Professional; however, should the bus iness professional prefer XP Professional for the sake of familiarity, this is possible to obtain, as this business PC comes with downgrading rights (Misco.co.uk, 2010). For the full details on this business desktop PC, refer to Appendix 2. Along with a high quality computer, there needs to be a printer of the same caliber. This printer must possess the capability of printing off documents quickly, and the printer must also possess a number of functions that will enable staff to design fliers, posters, and business cards in an effective and efficient manner. One printer that

Diversity Of Phylum Chordata Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Diversity Of Phylum Chordata - Essay Example In fish they are modified to form gills and they may disappear as the animal grows especially in some of the vertebrates. The pharyngeal gill slit is present at some point in life of the animals. Nerve cord: It is hollow and dorsoventrally placed to the notochord and ends in the brain. Other features are muscular tail (post anal tail) and endostyle (a groove like structure in the ventral wall of the pharynx. However the general features exhibited by animals in this phylum are: The animals have a bilaterally symmetrical body Their bodies are segmented and therefore have segmented muscles Their coelom is well developed They have well developed circulatory system with a ventrally placed heart and are therefore more active than their counterpart invertebrates. Their skeleton is either bony or cartilaginous Their digestive system is complete meaning that their gut runs through the body from mouth to the anus. The phylum chordate falls under the Kingdom Animalia and is further divided into the subphyla Urochordata, Cephalochordata and Vertebrata. However, animals in these subphyla may show different characteristics but the reason for them being grouped in the same phylum is because they exhibit similar characters referred to as unifying links such as urochordates’ larvae have both notochord and nerve cord which vanishes in adulthood. Cephalochordates have a notochord and nerve cord which persist to adulthood but do not have cranium. In vertebrates, the notochord is replaced with vertebral column at adulthood stage and the nerve cord becomes the spinal cord. Subphylum Urochordata Urochordates also known as Tunicates and exemplified by Ascidia have the following characteristics: At adult stage, their body is covered with a suck like structure (Tunica) and has two siphons one through which water enters the body (incurrent siphon) and the other through which water leaves the body (excurrent siphon). They are filter feeders and sessile. Although adults are sessile, their larvae are free swimming and exhibit almost all chordate characteristics. Subphylum Cephalochordata Exemplified by amphioxus and lancelets, cephalochordates have eel like bodies, they are marine, their bodies are segmented. Members of the phylum are soft bodied and therefore, cephalochordates are not fossilized. A notochord extends through their elongated body and mouth is armed with cirri which aids in obtaining food. They have numerous gill slits and are also dioecious. They are filter feeders (extract food from water taken in though the mouth by help of cilia on their wheel organ. Subphylum vertebrata Vertebrates are the most advanced chordates and apart from having an internal skeleton, they exhibit the following characteristics: Their bodies are segmented They have a bilateral symmetrical body Their endoskeleton is either a bony or cartilaginous Pharyngeal gill slits are lost in adults but are present during embryonic stage Their heart is ventrally placed They posses pos t anal tail They have a closed circulatory system Vertebrata Classes Classes captured are: Agnatha, Chondrichthyes, Osteichthyes,Amphibia ,Reptila ,aves and Mammalia Class Agnatha Agnathans arise from a group of vertebrates known as Cylclostomes (fishes or group of vertebrates without jaws) which excludes Gnathostomes (group of vertebrat

Philosophy and Pornography Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Philosophy and Pornography - Essay Example Some people derives pleasure from watching pornographic materials whereas others taking inspirations from such materials and engage in sexually abusive activities. According to James McConvill (2006), â€Å"the incidence of rape in the United States has declined 85 per cent in the past 25 years while access to pornography has become freely available to teenagers and adults† (McConvill). It should be noted that the last 25 years witnessed tremendous growth in the internet related technologies. Since internet is the prominent channel for spreading pornography, any growth in internet related technologies growth, development and spreading of pornographic materials across the world. There are many countries and states which restricted the spreading of pornographic contents through internet because of the concerns about the possibility of increased sexual violence cases. However, it is found that â€Å"the four US states with the lowest internet access had the highest increase in r ape incidents (53% increases) between 1980 and 2004, whereas the four states with the highest internet access, experienced the largest decrease in rape incidents (27% decrease)† (McConvill). ... Accumulation of any kind of energy at a particular place is results in unfavourable incidents. Teenagers, who are deprived the opportunity to access internet pornography, will try to release their sexual energy through rape like sexual violence. There are many arguments against the spreading of pornography. â€Å"Pornography promotes destructive practices and can lead to progressive addiction† (So what's so bad about pornography?). The general belief prevailing among most of the societies in the world is that pornography has more destructive elements than constructive elements. In many countries, access to pornography is regulated only to the adults. It is a common belief that teenagers derive inspirations from pornographic materials and may try to imitate it in their real life also. In countries where strict laws prevail, sexual violence cases are less even if the access to pornographic materials is easy. For example, in many of the Middle Eastern countries, sex related crime s are less compared to that in other parts of the world because of the stiff laws. On the other hand, in democratic countries like India or America, sex crimes are increasing day by day because of the absence of strong laws to punish sex offenders. The above facts clearly indicate that the response to pornographic materials is different in different countries because of the differences in the criminal justice systems in different countries. In China also, people engage in less criminal activities related to sex, even though they have access to pornographic materials. In other words, culture, belief in morality, criminal justice system and political frame works play an important role in public behaviour in response

Hrm With Strategic Goals And Objectives Commerce Essay

Hrm With Strategic Goals And Objectives Commerce Essay The latest emphasis among academics and practitioners on public or people management systems as a source competitive advantage has focused greater than ever on the science and practice of Human Resource Management. While academics have made a number of significant contributions to these development by means of research, Steve Kerr of General Electric has had an argument that the great number of the best work is being done by consultans and professionals in the field (Hodgetts, 1996). Actually, one could make a persuasive case that the practice of HRM has outpaced the academic work on this particullar topic. However, data on how organisations in fact manage people to provide a source of competitive advantage are insufficient. Studies that compare and distinguishes human capital management system in leading organisations are even more difficult to find. In fact, while the empirical literature linking between HRM with strategic goals and objectives of the organisations performance has c onstantly found than more effective HRM is associated with greater financial performance (Becker Huselid, 1998), what is missing is clearer understanding of how these processes work, and subsequently how organisations could actually manage their staff to help provide a basis of competitive advantages. The purpose of this essay is to examine how linking of HRM with strategic goals by any organisation would improve business performance and develop organizational cultures that foster innovation and flexibility. That is why I have considered three main points, ( heading, contents page) because of in my opinion they are the ones which will broaden the concept of this essay. I will first examine the importance of HRM to strategy as well as SHRM and its objectives. In the second part, I will look at the skills of manager which would help to improve business performance and develop or increase organisations culture. Finally, I am going to demonstrate case studies of different types of organisations which has integrated strategy of HRM. 1. Importance of HRM to strategy Human resource management has become more important to the management in general, mainly as a result of its role in providing competitive advantage, the run to competitiveness, and an awareness of the demands of the technologically advanced environment of the future. According to the findings of Strategist Michael Porter human resource management is a key to obtaining competitive advantage (Michael E. Porter, 1998). In a growing number of organizations, human resources are now seen as a source of competitive advantage. There is greater recognition that distinctive competencies are acquired through highly developed employee skills, unique organizational cultures, management processes, and systems. Increasingly, it is recognized that competitive advantage can be achieved with a high-quality employees, which enables organizations to compete on the basis of market responsiveness, product and service quality, differentiated products, and technological innovation instead of relying on low costs. An example of human resources a competitive advantage is said by John Deeres efforts to automate its factories. The pursuit of exceptional talent and experience in industrial automation, the company established a technology division ( Dyer, 1983 p.257) Another example is provided by ARCOs increased importance on human resource management issues in its executive development program (ARCO, 1986) . Examples like these points out the broader responsibilities and importance of todays more strategically oriented human resource management. Apart from its role in providing competitive advantage through a quality workforce, the needs of control labor costs also has increased the role of human resource management. As an outcome of strong pressure to control labor and other costs, managers have become more aware of the effects of inefficient use of human resources. Administrators need look no further than the underutilized workers, lack of confidence, resistance to change, the work of a ntagonistic relationship management, motivation problems, and restrictive labor practices to find the causes of low productivity. The resources allocated towards better use of human resources can become more profitable than investment in plant and equipment. Because of the potential cost efficiencies, improved human resource management can play a key role in competitive strategy and organizational development competencies. Economic turmoil also has increased the importance of the strategic role of the human resource management. Turbulence, globalization, technology, radically changing demographics, and differences in the values of the labor force have created uncertainty in the environment almost without precedent. Strategic management of human resources and the thread of human resource planning are increasingly being seen as a means of buffering environmental uncertainty. Not surprisingly, management of human resources is increasingly integrated in the formulation of strategy and p lanning process. As managing human resources becomes a more important component of competitive strategy of a company, general management has an incentive to ensure alignment and consistency between strategy and human resource practices and policies. The challenge of adaptation first comes to finding the answer to the question: What kind of people who will necessary to lead the organization in the coming years? (Miller, 1986, p12). The expectation is that people and practices that are aligned with the future strategic needs, produces superior organizational performance. While there is evidence on this point, some recent empirical studies have found higher returns to be related to the integrated and strategic human resources. He has been the recognition of the contributions of human resource management to the companys success in international efforts. This success is more likely when the international participation is rewarded and international business training is provided. Also mor e likely when selection criteria include management and promotion of international experience. However, before such contributions can be made, a coherent strategy for human resources must be developed and linked to the overall strategy organization. 1.1. SHRM and its objectives. The concept of strategic human resources management has become a widely used in management literature. In overall, the goal of the strategic human resources management is the effective implementation of those resources to meet the strategic needs of organizations and objectives. In defining the term, doctors tend to emphasize its implementation role, (Schuller, 1992, p 18-32) according to the following definitions: How the company strategy implemented effectively making everyone from the top of human organization in the background doing things that make successful business. (Ibid, p 18). A broader academic definition of the strategic human resources management, says the following: strategic human resources management is largely about how to integrate and adapt. SHRMs concern is to ensure that: a) human resources (HR) management is fully integrated with the strategy and the strategic goals and objectives of the company, b) HR practices are adjusted, accepted and used by managers and employees as part of their daily lives work (IBId). Patrick Wright and Gary McMahan have offered a similar definition of strategic human resources management (Wright, Patrick M. 1992 p 295). They defined SHRM as the pattern of a planned human resource operations and activities intended to enable an organization to achieve its objectives. Given these definitions of strategic human resources management, a general theoretical framework can now be used to organize knowledge of how human resource practices are affected by strategic considerations. Strategic human resources can make contributions to the strategy and strategic planning to set goals of organisation in a different ways. Systems such as performance appraisal, staffing, training, and compensation allowing managers to implement the organizations strategic plan. The human resources planning also links strategic management and business planning with these systems. The great number of models of strategic human resources management vision function of having an enforcement role, and has been less common to find companies that use unique human resources capabilities as a leading entry in the strategy formulation. However, more companies are turning to human resources management in the process of formulating the strategy . As an instance for it could be Arthur Andersens unique capabilities of human resource training. The accounting companys Saint Charles, Illinois, training centre, which resembles a campus of college, provides it with competitive advantage (Porter E. Michael 1998). Thousands of employees of Arthur Andersen are given uniforms training of the companys own highly regarded instructional labour at this service each year. Due to its facilities and at home instructors, the company can react quickly to the changing demands of its customers. Objectives of Human Resource Management. The objectives are pre-determined strategic goals to which person or group activity in an organization is concentrated. The institutions are established to achieve certain specific objectives. The objectives of the any industry are mostly to earn profit as much as possible while educational institutions are mostly to provide education or research etc. However, the main and the fundamental purpose of any organization is survival. Organizations are not just satisfied with this goal. Moreover the goal of most organizations is the growth or profits. Institutions to acquire and manage various resources including human for achieving the objectives. Thus, human resource management is used to divert and use its resources to achieve the objectives of the organization. So basically, the goals of human resource management derive from and contribute to the achievement of the objectives of the organization. The other objectives of human resource management are to meet the needs, aspirations, values and dignity of employees and with due concern for socio-economic problems of the community and country. The objectives of human resource management can be as following: To create and use a workforce capable and motivated to achieve the basic organization goals. To establish and maintain solid organizational structure and desirable working relationships among all the members of the organization. To ensure coordination and integration of groups within the organization by co-ordination of the individual and group goals with the employees of the organization. To create facilities and opportunities for individual and group development to coincide with the growth of the organization. To achieve efficient utilization of human resources in achieving the objectives of the organization. To identify and meet individual and group needs to provide adequate and equitable wages, employee benefits and social security To measure for challenging work, prestige, recognition, security, status. To maintain the high morale of employees and good human relations by maintaining and improving the various conditions and other facilities. To strengthen and assess human capital through continuous training and development programs. To examine and contribute to minimizing the social and economic problems such as unemployment, underemployment, inequitable income distribution and wealth to improve the welfare of society by providing employment opportunities to women and disadvantaged sectors of society . To provide fair, acceptable and effective leadership . To provide facilities and working conditions and the creation of enabling environment to maintain employment stability Management has to create a conducive environment and provide necessary conditions for achieving the objectives of personnel management after formulation. (Source from http://www.citeman.com/245-objectives-of-human-resource-management/ ) 2. Skills which manager should acquire in order to achieve strategic goals in the organisation. The human resources function sometimes does not play an important role in the process of formulating the strategy of the organization because of the inadequacies of human resources planning executives (Burack, Elmer H, 1985 p133). However, planning difficulties are not unique to these executives . In fact, the managers of all functional areas have problems with strategic planning. It is well known that managers are action-oriented, often prefer the action of the decision -making or problem- solving interactions. On the contrary, part of the planning process is conducted in isolation. There is a lack of information or knowledge of results for long periods of time. Also, It is hard to justify the time needed for planning in relation to more immediate problems that press for solutions. Thus, despite its value, many managers do not like to plan. Further, these general planning issues, there are more problems with strategic planning because it often leads to restructuring of resources tha t determine the power and status. Effects of the desire to maintain the status quo, through resistance to change is obvious symptoms such as excessive defence of the allocation of existing resources, the accumulation of the information and excessive control of the planning process by manipulating programs. Other causes of problems in the strategic planning process is the mismatch between planning tasks and competence of managers skills. Strategic planning requires considering in terms of the organization as a whole and the relationships between the organization and the many factors that affect their environment. One of the most important abilities in SHRM is to see objects at the macro level rather than processing bits of information to find solutions to problems at the micro level. One symptom of this imbalance is a propensity to fall on operational issues and the inability to complete tasks. A final problem is the lack of senior executive commitment to the strategic planning proce ss. The symptoms of this problem include attempts by managers to read between the lines to find out the real opinion of top management in the importance of the process. Human resources executives often lack the skills to play an important role in strategic planning processes of the company. Requirements for those who can operate in the strategic human resources management is beyond the requirements of functional competence. Research for the role characteristics reveals that following professional qualifications needs to be considered in the managers involvement : 1) Management information skills such as statistics, analysis, and research. 2) Planning skills, knowledge of planning and planning methodologies and statistical techniques.3) Knowledge management skills in different business functions and environmental analysis.4) Integration skills- competition in the management of organizational interfaces and skill in assessing the organization and as setting priorities. 5) Change management skills- the ability to anticipate the future, facilitate change, and organizational development activities (Baird, p 126-27). Besides the selection of human resources executives on the basis of these qualifications, the weaknesses with the current staff can be overcome, even if there are imbalances of cognitive skills. For example, planners of linking compensation with the skills and the use of planning teams can minimize the effect of individual cognitive deficits. Planning tasks can also be divided into phases, some of which may be made by those whose cognitive abilities are not well adapted to the strategy formulation. For instance, greater responsibilities for data collection can be assigned to those whose strengths are not consistent with strategic thinking (Lenz, Managing SHRM, (1986): p 57-66 ). 3. The linkage of HRM with integration of strategic goals and objectives in the different types of organisations (Cases). Integrating Strategy and Human Resources Management in the organisations. Experiences from several organizations are good examples of the integration of strategic goals with human resource management. One of the such examples is provided by the experience of Peoples Bank , a financial services company headquartered in Bridgeport, Connecticut. Massive changes began to take place in the business environment of banking with deregulation and lowering of interest ceilings. Money markets started draining the funds normally was in banks deposits, forcing them to resort to more expensive sources of funds. In addition, money centre banks began competing in the same market environment as regional banks. Peoples, which was a small regional bank, responded changing its strategy from a product orientation to one directed toward markets . With a product orientation, the products are developed and then looks for markets that sell the product. By contrast, a market orientation implies an opposite approach, where market demand are identified and then product developed to s erve the market. As a result of these changes, Peoples became a diversified financial services company with 139 branches and fully integrated banking services and stock trading presence on the Internet (Peoples Bank, Coleman M. Sharon, 2000 ). Due to major changes in the Peoples strategy, there was a recognition that new organizational structures would be needed to adapt to changes. The organization was decentralized, remove hierarchical levels formed strategic business units, and new senior vice presidencies created within a matrix structure. The bank undertook a study of the types of employees that would be required with the ability of the new strategy and the needs of the organization. The main changes took place as a result of the audit. For example, the performance appraisal system was revised. The revised system emphasizes setting goals, the achievement of individual goals by linking with HRM, and the rewards by means of achievement of the objectives of the bank, and places gr eater emphasis on performance appraisal, marketing and sales. In addition, human resource planning was more fully integrated with the strategic planning process through the synchronization of scanning processes with the banks general environmental scanning process (HRM Planning, Lesher, 1986, p 39-44). The experiences in integration of strategy and human resource management of the U.S. Navy could be another example. As a result of linking strategic planning with human resource management, the Navy was able to follow a proactive strategy that provides lower costs of labor. In this case, Navys human resources planners analyzed the labor cost savings of a strategy for their civilian employees that would replace the local wage policy with national wage policies. Through the development of human resource predictions to determine labor market reactions to these changes, planners could determine whether sufficient labor supply would be available with savings of cost strategy. In this particular example, the strategic planners of Navy also considered the impact of the reduction in private sector middle management positions and found that higher quality employees could be hired. (Atwater, et al. , 1988, p 119-36) Ingersoll-Rands experience with one of its divisions also provide a good example of the results of a strong linkage between strategy of this organisation and human resource management. Ingersoll-Rands rock drilling division was experiencing rapid growth and there was a shortages of manpower. It was also necessary to train their employees to work with new technologies and wanted to control the costs of labor. The result of the integration of human resource capabilities with its strategic planning process was that the company implemented a series of programs which also included profit sharing and participation of employee as a team in every aspects. It also had employees participate in decisions about purchasing new technology and a significant commitment to technological training. (McManis, Gerald, 1988) To conclude with this last example about the integration of strategy and human resources in Maid Bess, which specialises in manufacturing uniforms. The company faces intense competition from foreign manufacturers, and controlling of labor expenses became critical. Due to the intensity of labor, the company closely integrated human resources management with the strategic planning process in order to reduce labor cost. As a result of the integrated strategic planning process, executive vice president of the company designed a compensation program that includes bonuses that increased productivity, increases in the salaries of employees and reduce turnover. (Charles R. Greer, SHRM, 2001, p 278) Conclusion In a recent years more organizations are recognizing that human resources are a source of competitive advantage. This recognition, side by side with increasing environmental uncertainty, increased pressure to control costs and increased government regulation, have elevated the strategic role of human resource management. As a result, there is increasing involvement of HRM in strategy formulation. When human resources are the source of an organizations competitive advantage, HRM plays a critical role in providing up front to enter the corporate level, the strategic planning process in order to achieve its objectives. Human resource planning is of the important linkage with the strategy of the organization by providing input on the availability of critical manpower and by adding timing process to cope with the shortage and surpluses of employees. Other strategic inputs of SHRM functions include environmental scanning and competitive intelligence. The next level of strategy formulation, SHRM help align personnel practices, policies and programs with the strategy so that desired roles of employee and their actions will support different strategies such as innovation, quality, enhancement, cooperation, effectiveness of work, ability to performance, desire to work, cost reduction etc. A typology of activities shows how human resource activities vary in their contributions to a strategically implementation. Despite recent developments, in most companies, there is still need for greater integration of human resource planning with the formulation of organizations strategy. Factors which influencing the level of integration of the include industry differences, changes in economic activity, technological changes and demographic changes. I have provided several examples of integration of strategy in organisations and its linkage with Human Resources, and also the barriers that often have limited integration in the past. To conclude with, My personal view is that human resource managers should develop the personal skills that necessary to contribute to the process of strategy formulation.

Religion and Prayer Must Not be Permitted in Public School Essay

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Early American colonists anticipated a country full of freedoms and opportunities. As the new government was beginning to develop, the Founders took into consideration the restrictions placed on them and their fellow immigrants in their former home lands. One difficulty the colonists encountered back in Europe was the inability to practice a desired religion or not to practice one at all. Since the newly formed country was made up of people from more than one religious background, the government had to come up with a way to accommodate all of its citizens. Understanding the country's diversity, the writers of the Constitution of the United States of America included in the First Amendment the words, "Congress shall make no law respecting the establishment of religion or prohibiting the free exercise therof . . ." (Alley, 24). The two parts of the religious freedom declaration became known as the Free Exercise Clause, which allows for religious expres sion, and the Establishment Clause, which protects citizens from state-imposed religion. To ensure that the government could not interfere with religious establishments, the American government mandated a more precise interpretation of the religious clauses, which commonly became known as secularism, or complete separation of the church and the government.    Secularism is the foundation underlying the issue of the role of prayer in the public school system. Due to the Establishment Clause, which protects Americans from state imposed religion; the role of prayer in the public schools is considered unco nstitutional. Supreme Court Justice Sandra Day O'Connor professed, "In my view, however, the principle underlying the Establishment Clause is that go... ...Buffalo, New York: Prometheus Books, 1994. Barker, Dan. "The Case Against School Prayer." Internet Infidels. Online. Internet. 21 October 2002. Available: http://www.infidels.org/org/ffrf/issues/pray.html Farmer, Rod. "The School Prayer Issue." Education 104 (1984): 248-49. Gaffney, Edward McGlynn. "A Church in Texas." Commonweal 124 (April 25, 1997): 9-10. O'Connor, Sandra. "Forward: the Establishment Clause and Endorsement of Religion." Journal of Law and Religion 8 (1990): 1-4. Sikorski, Robert. Prayer in Public Schools and the Constitution 1961-1992. New York: Garland Publishing Inc., 1993. Thomas, Oliver. "Prayer and Speech." Finding Common Ground 12 (1996): 29 pars. Online. Internetr. 1 October 2002. Whitehead, John W. The Rights of Religious Persons in Public Education. Wheaton, Illinois: Crossway Books, 1994: 33,49-50.   

Ways has gender expectation changed over generations

Gender expectation generally means sets of behavior that society decide how female or males should think, act or feel. Many people get confuse about thinking that sex and gender are the same; however, Ashley Grossman, sociologist, explains â€Å"sex is biologically assigned while gender is socially constructed, socially created†. (Grossman) Therefore, gender is influenced by cultural, family, environmental, religious, educational, socioeconomic and geographical setting; in other words, it Is more nurture than nature. Many theories have been written to describe the gender role, how It Is formed.For example, The Evolutionary Psychology Theory of Gender says that different roles in reproduction places different pressures on males and females, which creates gender roles as the man being the more competitive and violent figure, while the women being more involved in nurturing activities. The Social Role Theory of Gender says that gender roles are formed by psychological gender diff erences caused by contrasting social roles of women and men. The Social Cognitive Theory of gender states that children's gender development occurs through observation and imitation of gender behavior.While my conclusions will not be based on these theories, they do help explain the formation and change of gender roles across time. Let us have a jump in the past. For more than 7000 years of human history, since agriculture and early States emerged, men were dominating the society they lived in, from the micro-world of families to the public macro-world of education and work. They have been tasked to provide for their family, from hunting and bringing home food for survival, like In our earliest days, to go to work and earn a paycheck and bringing home the bacon, like in our recent times.On the contrary, women were not even considered legal entities, persons in the legal sense. Until the end of the 19th century, an educated woman that was actually able to read books and have her own opinion, was not considerable a desirable wife. That's how strong the Institutionalizing of differentiation between women and men within society was. Even today, In some society, women are the slaves of men, completely disemboweled and vulnerable; some they must cover their faces In public or forbidden to appear outside their home without the presence of their husband.Back o 18th Century, sex role were rigid, with women assigned to be caregiver, mother. â€Å"In classic German phase, women were expected to dedicate themselves to the four KS : Creche (Church), Chuck(Cooking) ,Kinder (Children), undo Killdeer (and cloths)†. (Tier-Anna 13) This is female expectation In the past, and If a woman tried to break out of these roles , she might risk getting server disapproval. Regarding the education of women, the intellect of woman was limited by an unjustifiable restriction: the education was not objectively given to women. They were excluded from the subjects which men were trained .In the case of few people, male or female, attaining some education beyond basic reading, writing, and little math, the higher education was reserved primarily for men. Moving on the political point of view, women were not allowed to get Involve In pollute: had no right to vote, had no chance to be a governor, been changed drastically, generation over generation, more in women than men: women have come a long way; they are getting married later in life, giving birth later and they are getting more opportunities in which in the past generation were not allowed to.Likewise, men have more responsibilities in many roles which in the past were expected from women. We can list the main differences from the past in family rules, education and work. In recent years there has been a redefinition of man and woman roles in the family. The man tends to spend more time with their children, taking advantage of a working woman. Statistically though, only the time spent with children has increased from the father side. The mother, despite working, still spends the same time with her children, which is still higher that the father. Eventually, the chores are done from a person they both hire.The role of father has changes so much that there has been a rise of men's groups which feel been disadvantaged in this society where the legal system and the family court (in matters relating to access, child care and associated financial costs) is definitely in favor of women. Glen Sack shares his idea regarding to being househusband or stayed home dad (SHAD) that â€Å"Men need not fear a loss of power when they become a SHAD. While Shads are sometimes stereotyped as being at the mercy of their stronger wives' commands, in reality, I have more power in the family now than I ever did hen I was the family breadwinner† ( Sacks 266).This example shows that staying home and taking care children, which is expected to be a woman Job, not only man can do, but also been accepted from soc iety. Coming to education, women have finally gained access to all kind of education, even if there is still a margin of higher paid salary among the male gender. While there is improvement, for the social status of women in education and work participation rates, women still are experiencing conflict and differences in power in the workplace. For centuries there has been a sexual division of Jobs' rates of pay were women were paid much lower than males.This difference was Justified by the idea that men had the responsibility to support their family, whereas women tent to work less because of family commitments, childbirth and child-bearing ; therefore, occupations dominated by men tend to be more lucrative. Today a woman has access to all kind of Jobs, but because not all women want to dedicate themselves to a career, many women prefer to work part- time or accept less demanding positions. But it is only a question of choice, a woman choice. It is important to notice that change fo r women in society has led to men re- evaluating their roles.In the 21st century, a group of fathers meets regularly. Their agenda is that divorce, family law and economic crisis are reducing many males to a marginalia role within society. They feel that their situation is very similar to women in the past. Many men feel that due to divorce, unemployment and shifting of social norms, they are in an inferior position. Coupled with females outperforming males in different areas, from school grades to Job performances, some males do not feel it is an advantage to be a male.Eventually, this historic conflict about social differences between men and women has come to a point where cooperation between the two could be helpful to both. The shifting of power from a man dominance world to woman dominance world means still inequality and discrimination. Maybe equality of opportunity and outcome can be better achieved difference. In the end, the competition of a Nation depends significantly on whether and how it educates its female and male talent to maximize its competitiveness and development potential; it means that each Country should strive for gender equality.

Nutrition Carabao’s Milk Essay

Carabao’s milk contains protein, fat, lactose, vitamins, minerals and water making it the â€Å"most complete food†, according to the Philippine Carabao Center (PCC). Carabao’s milk is richer and creamier compared to goat’s and cow’s milk due to its high content of milk fat which is a good source of energy that unknowingly among Filipinos, this dairy product produced by carabao could be the solution to the alarming malnutrition problem among their children, it said in a statement reaching here over the week. The Senate Economic Planning Office (SEPO) estimates that today, the number of underweight children is about eight million, up tremendously from 6. 68 million in 2001. Of the 2001 SEPO figure on Filipino children’s malnutrition, 3. 67 million of these kids belonged to the five years old and below bracket and 3. 07 were aged between six and 10 years old. The PCC said that the carabao’s milk can be of great help in eradicating malnutrition. â€Å"Nutrient-wise, it is better compared with the array of cola and other commercial drinks in the market. In drinking carabao’s milk, we are not only getting the needed nutrients for our bodies but we are also supporting our local dairy industry. † Nutritionists claim it contains riboflavin or vitamin B2 needed for normal growth, the agent against skin swelling, inflammation of the lining of mouth and tongue, and dizziness. Its vitamin A content is good for clearing eyesight while the vitamin D, calcium and phosphorus are valuable for strong teeth and bones. Like most fresh milk, carabao’s milk also spoils easily. As such, the PCC recommends three steps to maintain the freshness of carabao’s milk. The first thing to do is to store the fresh milk inside an ice box or refrigerator immediately after milking. Then, the fresh milk must be pasteurized or cooked to kill the microbes and for it to be safe to drink. Finally, it must be stored properly. If not consumed completely, fresh milk must be stored in an ice box or refrigerator to control the spread of microbes that are not killed during the pasteurization process. Carabao’s milk can also be processed into chocolate-flavored milk, pastilles de leche or milk candy, kesong puti (white cheese), milk-o-jel, condensed milk, cheese spread, ice cream, mozzarella, or rennet (coagulated milk).

Head Start Disorders Essays - Psychiatric Diagnosis, Psychiatry

Head Start Disorders Essays - Psychiatric Diagnosis, Psychiatry Head Start Disorders The highest rates of oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) and conduct disorder (CD) are found in low-income welfare families. The Head Start program is for the continued enhancement of services for poor children ages zero to five, and their families. The parents of the children in the Head Start program are rarely examined. Head Start instead focuses on the academic performance of the involved children. The article, Preventing Conduct Problems in Head Start Children: Strengthening Parenting Competencies in The Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology decides to take a different approach. Instead of singling out the child and holding only the child responsible for their social and academic behavior, they put the responsibility on the family, the school as well as the child. Nine centers were chosen from within one large urban Head Start district (representing six school districts) on the basis of their similarity in terms of ethnic minority percentages, teachers qualifications, family service workers qualifications and education, number of classrooms, number of children, children's enrollment age, and length of Head Start class (4 hr per day). Another factor was their willingness to participate in the study and to be randomly assigned to either the intervention group (PARTNERS), which is supposed to be an early prevention group to prevent the development of ODD and CD in young children. Or being randomly assigned to the CONTROL group (Head Starts regular curriculum). The Nine Head Start centers were randomly assigned to either groups. This is a plus because the whole center, not just a few classes in the center, is involved in the chosen program. Also, the centers didnt debate on which program that theyd like to participate in. There were more families in the experimental group than in the control group. The Partners or Control program is the independent variable (depending on which group the child is a part of). The childs conduct is the dependent variable.

Challenges Faced in the search for the History of crime and punishment Essay

Challenges Faced in the search for the History of crime and punishment in England and Wales - Essay Example To understand this, they have to deal with a great deal of criminal records. These criminal records vary in the nature of punishment administered for various crimes during different times in history. Another problem experienced by these researcher is that there is a lot of information on paper records about the nature of crime and punishment in England and Wales more than information in the internet. They have to scrutinise large records of information about crime administered for various cases. These records may include prison registers, petitions for clemency, judges report and other report from criminal justice agents. Researchers have to understand various circumstances that led to change in the history of these societies. They have to pay attention to civilisation, industrialisation and the growth of population. Also, some cases that form precedents are unique in their own way. The decision by a judge is sometimes influenced by circumstances that were only relevant during that time. Therefore, these individuals have to understand this aspect as they were in history. For example, the criminal responsibility age in both Wales and England is 10 years. However, the 1993 case of Jamie Bulger entailed a child being taken to an adult court in Liverpool. Criminological theories help researchers to understand various change in the perception of crime and punishment by the criminal Justice system in both England and Wales. For example the social learning theory helps to understand the history of crime in both jurisdictions since criminal records have shown that individuals brought up in environments prone to crime have a higher tendency of committing crime. In both areas, criminal activities that have been reinforced frequently and punished infrequently have been found to occur again and again. For example, alcohol abuse among minors, school truancy and gambling are more often since they have been found to be infrequently punished(Hostettler p. 100). The proponents of radical criminology argue that criminal act are socially constructed and there is not act which is immoral or criminal without being defined by the society. This theory proposes that wealth should also be distributed equally in the society to eradicate crime. It may be used to help understand why crime in both England and Wales is by both the rich and the poor. The nature of punishment varies depending on the circumstances surrounding the crime. Foucault’ opinion and crime and punishment were passionate and placed a lot of emphasis on punishing people less and doing it better. Foucault’s opinions on crime and punishment assist learners to understand the evolution of crime and punishment and the evolution of prisons. His theoretical position has enabled people to understand the history of crime and punishment in England and Wales in the sense that prisons from the past in both England and Wales have not reduced crime in the society. To understand the history of crime and punishment, the element of repeat offending ( recidivism) that was coined by this scholar as a consequence of Imprisonment has to be taken into consideration. There may be minimal records to how this element of crimes that have occurred in both England and Wales. The survival of records about crimes of the past in both England and Wales is also a challenge for individuals intending to unearth history of crime in these two places. Record keeping of the criminal Justice agents was not as good as it is today since technology has made things easier and information more accessible to researchers . Also,

Contemporary thinking in Marketing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Contemporary thinking in Marketing - Essay Example These experiences indicate the physical, emotional, behavioral and rational value of goods and services. In other words, experiential marketing theory can be defined as any event, which helps in marketing products and/or services, ideas, places and person among others by forming effective communication with the targeted customers or audiences (Sharma, & Sharma, 2011). The experiential marketing theory is often viewed to be a contemporary marketing discipline, which practice by several companies of this modern day context for generating greater awareness about their respective potential products and/or services (Heng, 1990; Wood, n.d.). Amongst varied business corporations operating in dissimilar industry, the organizations belonging to events sector are also identified to use promotion or experiential marketing theory. Such organizations operating in events sector of the UK market can be ascertained as "Jarvis Woodhouse Events" and "Definitive Events Limited.   With this concern, the essay tends to discuss and analyze the application of either promotion or experiential strategy by the above discussed two event organizations for targeting their profiled customers. Moreover, the essay will also describe consumer value through the execution of marketing theory and also the value types that are being offered to the customers by the products and/or services of the above stated event organizations. Jarvis Woodhouse Events, an UK based events management company, remains much committed towards serving clients with quality services and forming effective communication with them. The company was mainly established in the year 1992, which continued its business journey by offering the products and/or services like conferences, corporate hospitality and incentive programs among others to its potential customers (Jarvis Woodhouse Events, 2014). It